This manual is about structures that occur within the Earth’s crust. Structures are the features that allow geologists to figure out how parts of the Earth have changed position, orientation, size and shape over time. This work requires careful observation and measurements of features at the surface of the Earth, and deductions about what’s below the surface. The practical skills you will learn in this course form the foundation for much of what is known about the history of the Earth, and are important tools for exploring the subsurface. They are essential for Earth scientists of all kinds.

The course that this document supports is about doing structural geology. It’s not possible to be a good geologist (or to pass the course) just by learning facts. You have to be able to solve problems. Do your lab work conscientiously and get as much as possible done during lab sessions when instructors are available to help you.

This manual consists of both readings and lab exercises, which alternate through the text. The readings are designed to be read and understood outside the lab sessions, whereas the labs contain specific instructions and questions to be completed. Before each lab, be sure you have covered the readings that come immediately before it.

This book is a cloned version of Information Sources in Chemical and Materials Engineering by Alison Henry, published using Pressbooks under a CC BY (Attribution) license. It may differ from the original.

Environmental scientists need to know their regulations. Some scientists will even have to work with the legal system. Even environmental researchers need to stay in compliance. No matter the environmental field of study, environmental concerns are heavily regulated.

So, a career in environmental science will bring the professional into close contact with regulations. Including regulating the profession itself.

The professional might be applying for a permit, completing a form or helping to keep an organization in compliance. This means that every professional must have some understanding of the law and how regulations work.

We are going to examine the Canadian context. Canada is heavily influenced by the United States of America (US) and by the United Kingdom (UK). We have inherited a system that is based heavily on the UK experience, so the occasional UK reference is interesting.

The following chapters will help introduce some basic concepts and some important Canadian regulations.

Willkommen: Deutsch für alle is an innovative first-year German language e-textbook, designed as Open Educational Resource (OER), for learning German at the college/university level. It features a task-based, communicative approach which provides students with opportunities to communicate in German in a variety of contexts and situations. Through a wide range of activities, students develop and practice their language skills which they showcase at the end of each chapter by accomplishing a specific task.