This 10-minute video lesson continues to look at organic chemistry naming examples (5). [Organic Chemistry playlist: Lesson 10 of 73].

This 14-minute video lesson looks at Pi bonds and sp2 Hybridized Orbitals. [Organic Chemistry playlist: Lesson 14 of 73].

This 12-minute video lesson looks at the polymerization of alkenes with acid. [Organic Chemistry playlist: Lesson 30 of 73].

This 11-minute video lesson looks at the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog System for Naming Enantiomers (Example 2). [Organic Chemistry playlist: Lesson 23 of 73].

This 11-minute video lesson looks at the relative Stability of amides, esters, anhydrides, and acyl chlorides. [Organic Chemistry playlist: Lesson 71 of 73].

This 7-minute video lesson shows how to represent the structures of organic molecules. [Organic Chemistry playlist: Lesson 1 of 73].

This 16-minute video lesson looks at sp3 hybridized orbitals and sigma bonds. [Organic Chemistry playlist: Lesson 13 of 73].

This 14-minute video lesson looks at stereoisomers, enantiomers, diastereomers, constitutional Isomers, and Meso Compounds. [Organic Chemistry playlist: Lesson 24 of 73].

This 13-minute video lesson looks at Zaitsev's Rule for E2 and E1 reactions. [Organic Chemistry playlist: Lesson 40 of 73].

Osmosis of water from an area of lower to an area of higher solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane.

In this activity about light and reflection, learners use a special device called a Mirage Maker䋢 to create an illusion. What they perceive as an object is really an image in space, created by two concave mirrors. Learners will be surprised when they try to grab the object on the mirror and there's nothing there! Activity includes a light-ray diagram to help explain how the image is created.

Learn how the periodic table organizes the known elements of our world. Check out our videos and exercises on atomic structure and properties and periodic trends.

In this activity, students observe fluid motion and the formation of convection cells as a solution of soap and water is heated. This procedure can be performed as a demonstration by the teacher, or older students can conduct the experiment themselves. A list of materials, instructions, and a description of the convective process are included.

In a class demonstration, the teacher places different pill types ("chalk" pill, gel pill, and gel tablet) into separate glass beakers of vinegar, representing human stomach acid. After 20-30 minutes, the pills dissolve. Students observe which dissolve the fastest, and discuss the remnants of the various pills. What they learn contributes to their ongoing objective to answer the challenge question presented in lesson 1 of this unit.

What effect do interactions between species have on the sizes of the populations involved? Learn about the dynamics of predator and prey populations, and how they can influence one another’s patterns of growth and decline.

Students investigate the endothermic reaction involving citric acid, sodium bicarbonate and water to produce carbon dioxide, water and sodium citrate. In the presence of water [H2O], citric acid [C6H8O7] and sodium bicarbonate [NaHCO3] (also known as baking soda) react to form sodium citrate [Na3C6H5O7], water [H2O], and carbon dioxide [CO2]. Students test a stoichiometric version of the reaction followed by testing various perturbations on the stoichiometric version in which each reactant (citric acid, sodium bicarbonate, and water) is strategically doubled or halved to create a matrix of the effect on the reaction. By analyzing the test matrix data, they determine the optimum quantities to use in their own production companies to minimize material cost and maximize CO2 production. They use their test data to "scale-up" the system from a quart-sized ziplock bag to a reaction tank equal to the volume of their classroom. They collect data on reaction temperature and CO2 production.

Students take advantage of the natural ability of red cabbage juice to perform as a pH indicator to test the pH of seven common household liquids. Then they evaluate the accuracy of the red cabbage indicator, by testing the pH of the liquids using an engineer-designed tool, pH indicator strips. Like environmental engineers working on water remediation or water treatment projects, understanding the chemical properties (including pH) of contaminants is important for safeguarding the health of environmental water sources and systems.

Through this lab, students are introduced to energy sciences as they explore redox reactions and how hydrogen fuel cells turn the energy released when hydrogen and oxygen are combined into electrical energy that can be read on a standard multimeter. They learn about the energy stored in bonds and how, by controlling the reaction, this energy can be turned into more or less useful forms.

Oxidation and reduction reactions power your phone and make it possible for your body to use the oxygen you inhale. We will learn about oxidation states (numbers), oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions, galvanic/voltaic cells, electrolytic cells, cell potentials, and how electrochemistry is related to thermodynamics and equilibrium.

Students see and learn how crystallization and inhibition occur by making sugar crystals with and without additives in a supersaturation solution, testing to see how the additives may alter crystallization, such as by improving crystal growth by more or larger crystals. After three days, students analyze the differences between the control crystals and those grown with additives, researching and attempting to deduce why certain additives blocked crystallization, showed no change or improved growth. Students relate what they learn from the rock candy experimentation to engineering drug researchers who design medicines for targeted purposes in the human body. Conduct the first half of this activity one day before presenting the associated lesson, Body Full of Crystals. Then conduct the second half of the activity.