This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Even with antibiotics, severe pneumonia can lead to sepsis and death. Researchers in Germany have now identified a promising new therapy that may improve outcomes. Reporting in the journal Anesthesiology, the scientists indicate that targeting C5a, a component of the body’s complement system, may be a novel adjunctive therapy for severe pneumonia. One reason why patients don’t fare well with Streptococcus pneumoniae is that their highly activated immune system can damage tissue as it tries to clear the pathogen from the body. An important part of the body's first-line immune defense is the complement system, plasma proteins that patrol the body and coordinate with immune cells to kill invading bacteria. For example, when complement protein C5 is cleaved into C5a and C5b, C5b goes on to poke holes in bacteria. The smaller C5a is pro-inflammatory, attracting and activating neutrophils and making blood vessel walls more permeable to immune cells..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Pneumococcal bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae) can cause several different serious infections including pneumonia, sinusitis, and meningitis. Studies to monitor the levels of pneumococcal bacteria ‘carried’ by individuals are called carriage studies and are used to inform vaccination programs. But most carriage study techniques distinguish between pneumococcal subtypes based on their outside structure, or serotype, rather than by genetic strain. Consequently, little is known about strain-specific carriage and interactions between strains. To close this gap, researchers trialed a new workflow using single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing of the genetic marker plyNCR. Tests using mock bacterial communities found that this workflow was sensitive and highly specific to S. pneumoniae. Banked nasal swabs collected from infants during their first year of life were used for a real-world test..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Pneumonia still kills almost a million children each year, making it the biggest child killer. Most of its victims are less than 2 years old. Learn more about pneumonia and how to prevent it here.
Get transcript for video here: https://www.oercommons.org/courseware/module/58789/overview

Downloadable transcripts for the videos from Karolinska Institutet, from the course "An Introduction to Global Health".The course is originally published at EdX. 

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"New research suggests that cells from the umbilical cord can be programmed to gobble up and kill disease-causing bacteria. When deployed in rats, such cells could effectively reduce signs of acute lung injury, pointing to an alternative route for fighting lung disease in humans. These are mesenchymal stromal cells. Their chameleon-like ability to form into bone, cartilage, or fat in the body has made them valuable for tissue repair and regeneration. But recent studies have shown that these cells can also help boost the immune system. They do this by releasing bioactive pockets of cellular matter that are believed to signal immune cells like macrophages to action. In rats with bacterial lung disease, that ability appears to provide significant relief. Researchers found that injecting mesenchymal cells from human umbilical cords could reduce signs of pneumonia caused by E. coli and increase animal survival. What’s more, they could actually enhance that effect..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

In our resource, we highlight the role of the viral non-structural proteins and their role in blocking host interferon signaling of the innate immune system.  In addition, we also describe the host immune response specifically the cytokine signaling clouds in the variation in severity of patients living with COVID-19.  Finally, we apply these latest peer-reviewed research on host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in the context of integrated immunology framework linked with three-dimensional learning in life science education and topics on social justice dimensions of vaccination access in global health.  Through the social justice lens and global health perspectives, we provide an innovative framework to engage undergraduates in the field of integrated immunology and developmental biology in both remote and hybrid-flexible (HyFlex) learning settings.

Poster encouraging citizens to "consult your physician" for treatment of the common cold, showing a shark. Date stamped on verso: Dec 1 1937.