Biology is designed for multi-semester biology courses for science majors. It is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand. To meet the needs of today’s instructors and students, some content has been strategically condensed while maintaining the overall scope and coverage of traditional texts for this course. Instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand—and apply—key concepts.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe gel electrophoresisExplain molecular and reproductive cloningDescribe uses of biotechnology in medicine and agriculture

In this class, students engage in independent research projects to probe various aspects of the physiology of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14, an opportunistic pathogen isolated from the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. Students use molecular genetics to examine survival in stationary phase, antibiotic resistance, phase variation, toxin production, and secondary metabolite production.
Projects aim to discover the molecular basis for these processes using both classical and cutting-edge techniques. These include plasmid manipulation, genetic complementation, mutagenesis, PCR, DNA sequencing, enzyme assays, and gene expression studies. Instruction and practice in written and oral communication are also emphasized.
WARNING NOTICE
The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level of safety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented.
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This project-based laboratory course provides students with in-depth experience in experimental molecular genetics, using modern methods of molecular biology and genetics to conduct original research. The course is geared towards students (including sophomores) who have a strong interest in a future career in biomedical research. This semester will focus on chemical genetics using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system. Students will gain experience in research rationale and methods, as well as training in the planning, execution, and communication of experimental biology.
WARNING NOTICE
The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level of safety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented.
Legal Notice

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The spread of antibiotic resistance is one of the most pressing threats facing global health. Every year, approximately 700,000 deaths worldwide can be traced to antibiotic resistance. That makes it crucial to identify antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their transmission between humans and the environment. Unfortunately, because they rely on curated databases and are not sensitive to certain mutations, many methods can overlook novel ARGs. Now, a new machine learning method called HMD-ARG could provide researchers with a more powerful alternative. Taking sequence encoding as input, it determines whether an input sequence is an ARG, what antibiotic family the ARG is resistant to, its mechanism of resistance, and whether it is intrinsic or acquired, and even the sub-class of antibiotic the ARG resists, if it happens to be a beta-lactamase, all without querying against existing sequence databases. The HMD-ARG database is the largest of its kind..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

The MIT Biology Department core courses, 7.012, 7.013, and 7.014, all cover the same core material, which includes the fundamental principles of biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology, and cell biology. Biological function at the molecular level is particularly emphasized and covers the structure and regulation of genes, as well as, the structure and synthesis of proteins, how these molecules are integrated into cells, and how these cells are integrated into multicellular systems and organisms. In addition, each version of the subject has its own distinctive material.
7.012 focuses on the exploration of current research in cell biology, immunology, neurobiology, genomics, and molecular medicine.
Acknowledgments
The study materials, problem sets, and quiz materials used during Fall 2004 for 7.012 include contributions from past instructors, teaching assistants, and other members of the MIT Biology Department affiliated with course #7.012. Since the following works have evolved over a period of many years, no single source can be attributed.

The MIT Biology Department core Introductory Biology courses, 7.012, 7.013, 7.014, 7.015, and 7.016 all cover the same core material, which includes the fundamental principles of biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology, and cell biology. The focus of 7.013 is on genomic approaches to human biology, including neuroscience, development, immunology, tissue repair and stem cells, tissue engineering, and infectious and inherited diseases, including cancer.

The MIT Biology Department core courses, 7.012, 7.013, and 7.014, all cover the same core material, which includes the fundamental principles of biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology, and cell biology. 7.013 focuses on the application of the fundamental principles toward an understanding of human biology. Topics include genetics, cell biology, molecular biology, disease (infectious agents, inherited diseases and cancer), developmental biology, neurobiology and evolution.
Biological function at the molecular level is particularly emphasized in all courses and covers the structure and regulation of genes, as well as, the structure and synthesis of proteins, how these molecules are integrated into cells, and how these cells are integrated into multicellular systems and organisms. In addition, each version of the subject has its own distinctive material.

The MIT Biology Department core courses, 7.012, 7.013, and 7.014, all cover the same core material, which includes the fundamental principles of biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology, and cell biology. Biological function at the molecular level is particularly emphasized and covers the structure and regulation of genes, as well as, the structure and synthesis of proteins, how these molecules are integrated into cells, and how these cells are integrated into multicellular systems and organisms. In addition, each version of the subject has its own distinctive material.
7.014 focuses on the application of these fundamental principles, toward an understanding of microorganisms as geochemical agents responsible for the evolution and renewal of the biosphere and of their role in human health and disease.
Acknowledgements
The study materials, problem sets, and quiz materials used during Spring 2005 for 7.014 include contributions from past instructors, teaching assistants, and other members of the MIT Biology Department affiliated with course 7.014. Since the following works have evolved over a period of many years, no single source can be attributed.

This course introduces experimental biochemical and molecular techniques from a quantitative engineering perspective. Experimental design, rigorous data analysis, and scientific communication form the underpinnings of this subject. Three discovery-based experimental modules focus on genome engineering, expression engineering, and biomaterial engineering.
This OCW site is based on the source OpenWetWare class Wiki, found at 20.109(F07): Laboratory Fundamentals of Biological Engineering.

In the video you can find some hints to design a primers for clone your GOI in a plasmid using restriction enzyme and ligase cloning approach

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue is the gold standard for pathology tissue storage, making FFPE tissue libraries rich repositories for identifying and analyzing the bacterial microbiomes that stretch across the human body. Unfortunately, various facets of the FFPE process can compromise the integrity of tissue for this type of analysis. including DNA damage, susceptibility to contamination, and the lack of suitable DNA extraction methods. A new study proposes a system called Protoblock for standardizing and optimizing FFPE tissue-based research. A Protoblock is generated by embedding a known number of fixed cells in a molded agar matrix. After the agar solidifies, the block is processed following routine FFPE protocols and verified by microscopy. Experiments confirmed the quality and condition of DNA purified from Protoblocks, revealing important calibration information, such as how DNA damage evolves over fixation time. and how host DNA and sample prep method might bias bacterial analysis..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infections has strained healthcare systems worldwide and diagnostic testing is a critical part of any pandemic management plan. PCR tests on clinical samples collected by health care professionals (HCPs) is currently the gold standard, but patient self-sampling may facilitate increased testing without adding strain or risk of exposure for HCPs. A recent study tested the sensitivity, feasibility, and acceptance of self-collected oropharyngeal samples. Hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-infected patients collected two self-administered samples and filled out a questionnaire. Researchers also collected HCP-administered samples for comparison. While the HCP-collected samples had the highest estimated sensitivity compared to each of the self-collected samples, at 88%, 78%, and 77% respectively, using both self-collected sample results together increased their estimated sensitivity to 88%, which is comparable to the HCP-collected samples..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

In this module, students design and implement a strategy to identify yeast deletion strains by colony PCR. At the end of this module, students should be able to:design oligonucleotide primers to amplify specific DNA sequences with PCRexplain how changes to the annealing and extension times affect the production of PCR productsuse PCR to distinguish mutant yeast strains with different genotypesThis module is part of a semester-long introductory lab course, Investigations in Molecular Cell BIology, at Boston College.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Our genome is a lot like a book. When cells need information critical to their function, they must physically crack the genome open to arrive at the right chapter, or gene sequence. Often, the relevance of details from chapter one isn’t clear until chapter ten. Similarly, non-coding sequences often control the expression of genes far away in linear genomic distance but relatively close in three-dimensional space. Now, a new method of probing these regions could help scientists gain more information from much less starting material—and, in the process, help us learn more about the book of life. The technique is called HiCAR, short for Hi-C on Accessible Regulatory DNA. HiCAR builds off the Hi-C method, which uses high-throughput sequencing to detect how different regions of genomic DNA interact with each other. Specifically, HiCAR targets the regions of chromatin that are open and accessible to proteins with information about gene regulation..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.