This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Some pain after a major operation is expected -- but some patients suffer more than others. More than 60% of surgical patients have moderate-to-severe postoperative pain, potentially predisposing them to persistent postsurgical pain. But who falls into which category? To better predict patients’ pain -- and thereby provide better treatment -- researchers at the University of Florida studied a large group of surgical patients to identify different pain trajectories. The team’s work published in _Anesthesiolog_y revealed five distinct patterns determined in large part by patient-specific factors such as age, sex, and psychologic features. The researchers monitored patents’ pain reports for 7 days in 360 patients recovering from a variety of different surgeries. Pain was evaluated using the [Brief Pain Inventory], which asks for a patient’s average, worst, and least pain in the last 24 hours on a scale from zero to 10..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

In this activity, students will learn about different kinds of emotions in Arabic. They can match the scenario with the correct emotions, and ask someone about his/her emotions.Can-Do Statements:I can express emotions and react to situations that are described to me.I can review or remember emotion phrases in Arabic.I can ask someone about his/her feelings.

This course focuses on novels and films from the last twenty-five years (nominally 1985–2010) marked by their relationship to extreme violence and transgression. Our texts will focus on serial killers, torture, rape, and brutality, but they also explore notions of American history, gender and sexuality, and reality television—sometimes, they delve into love or time or the redemptive role of art in late modernity. Our works are a motley assortment, with origins in the U.S., France, Spain, Belgium, Austria, Japan and South Korea. The broad global era marked by this period is one of acceleration, fragmentation, and late capitalism; however, we will also consider national specificities of violent representation, including particulars like the history of racism in the United States, the role of politeness in bourgeois Austrian culture, and the effect of Japanese manga on vividly graphic contemporary Asian cinema.
We will explore the politics and aesthetics of the extreme; affective questions about sensation, fear, disgust, and shock; and problems of torture, pain, and the unrepresentable. We will ask whether these texts help us understand violence, or whether they frame violence as something that resists comprehension; we will consider whether form mitigates or colludes with violence. Finally, we will continually press on the central term in the title of this course: what, specifically, is violence? (Can we only speak of plural “violences”?) Is violence the same as force? Do we know violence when we see it? Is it something knowable or does it resist or even destroy knowledge? Is violence a matter for a text’s content—who does what, how, and to whom—or is it a problem of form: shock, boredom, repetition, indeterminacy, blankness? Can we speak of an aesthetic of violence? A politics or ethics of violence? Note the question that titles our last week: Is it the case that we are what we see? If so, what does our obsession with ultraviolence mean, and how does contemporary representation turn an accusing gaze back at us?

Biology is designed for multi-semester biology courses for science majors. It is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand. To meet the needs of today’s instructors and students, some content has been strategically condensed while maintaining the overall scope and coverage of traditional texts for this course. Instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand—and apply—key concepts.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe four important mechanoreceptors in human skinDescribe the topographical distribution of somatosensory receptors between glabrous and hairy skinExplain why the perception of pain is subjective

This course is designed to provide an understanding of how the human brain works in health and disease, and is intended for both the Brain and Cognitive Sciences major and the non-Brain and Cognitive Sciences major. Knowledge of how the human brain works is important for all citizens, and the lessons to be learned have enormous implications for public policy makers and educators.
The course will cover the regional anatomy of the brain and provide an introduction to the cellular function of neurons, synapses and neurotransmitters. Commonly used drugs that alter brain function can be understood through a knowledge of neurotransmitters. Along similar lines, common diseases that illustrate normal brain function will be discussed. Experimental animal studies that reveal how the brain works will be reviewed.
Throughout the seminar we will discuss clinical cases from Dr. Byrne’s experience that illustrate brain function; in addition, articles from the scientific literature will be discussed in each class.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"A new study investigated the efficacy of micronized purified flavonoid fraction, or MPFF, in the treatment of patients with hemorrhoidal disease. Hemorrhoidal disease affects an estimated 4.4% of the global population. The disease occurs when hemorrhoids become inflamed and swollen with venous blood. While severe cases are typically treated with surgery, banding, or other outpatient procedures, some cases can be treated conservatively, through diet, lifestyle modification, topical treatments, or agents known as veno-active drugs. Veno-active drugs are designed to reduce inflammation and reduce pressure in veins, improving their overall tone and translating to symptom relief in patients. One evidence based veno-active treatment for hemorrhoids is MPFF..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Clinicians use a diversity of anesthetic drugs to regulate memory formation, the perception of pain, and other aspects of consciousness during otherwise painful, unpleasant, or anxiety-provoking experiences. These drugs are well known to vary in their effects on human behavior, but the neural processes in the brain that form the basis of this variation are now being uncovered with functional neuroimaging. In a new study published in the journal _Anesthesiology_, researchers compared the effects of midazolam and ketamine. These two commonly used anesthetics differ in their effects on memory formation, pain perception, and the regions of the brain involved in these processes. While inside an MRI scanner, 26 healthy volunteers received a saline infusion and were asked simple “yes-or-no” questions about a series of spoken words, one-third of which were immediately followed by a painful shock..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This course is an introduction to many of the central issues in a branch of philosophy called philosophy of mind.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Along with preventing pain, one function of anesthesia is to keep a person from remembering unpleasant experiences. And yet, after surgery, a very small number of patients report distressing events, which can have long-term effects, including PTSD. Anesthesia usually ensures patients lack explicit memory, but implicit memories can still form. Previous studies have suggested that implicit memory formation can occur under sedation, via circuits in the amygdala. To investigate this phenomenon, researchers in Israel conducted experiments on monkeys undergoing anesthesia using two different drugs: ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist; and midazolam, a GABA coagonist. The team made single-cell neuron recordings on sedated animals while the animals underwent classical conditioning using tones and an aversive odor. Specifically, the monkeys were conditioned to take a deeper breath after hearing a tone, in anticipation of a noxious odor that would make them inhale less deeply..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Pain may activate the stress response and hence hormone secretion from the pituitary glands, adrenal glands and pancreas. This leads to substrate mobilisation and catabolism, particularly protein wasting. These effects can impair wound healing, and in the long term result in immunosuppression. They can also cause a negative energy balance, giving weight loss or poor growth in young animals. It is important to bear this fact in mind when considering the economics of analgesia in food animal production.

Case Study for Pain Assessment using the PQRSTU method.  Identifies how to find objective and subjective cues for pain.  

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Undergoing a second operation to reconstruct a torn anterior cruciate ligament , or A-C-L, is difficult for anyone. But it could be particularly hard for those who don’t play sports after surgery. A new study shows that among patients undergoing a repeat ACL reconstruction, those who play one or more sports following their procedure report reduced knee symptoms, better knee function, and higher activity level than those who play no sports. These findings could help clinicians and patients build better pathways to recovery from ACL injury. Using a questionnaire, researchers followed up with more than 900 patients 2 years after revision ACL reconstruction. Slightly more than half of the patients were male, and patients’ average age was 26. In addition to questions regarding knee injury history and knee-specific outcomes, patients were asked whether they had participated in sports since undergoing surgery; and if so, which one—or ones..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Psychology is designed to meet scope and sequence requirements for the single-semester introduction to psychology course. The book offers a comprehensive treatment of core concepts, grounded in both classic studies and current and emerging research. The text also includes coverage of the DSM-5 in examinations of psychological disorders. Psychology incorporates discussions that reflect the diversity within the discipline, as well as the diversity of cultures and communities across the globe.Senior Contributing AuthorsRose M. Spielman, Formerly of Quinnipiac UniversityContributing AuthorsKathryn Dumper, Bainbridge State CollegeWilliam Jenkins, Mercer UniversityArlene Lacombe, Saint Joseph's UniversityMarilyn Lovett, Livingstone CollegeMarion Perlmutter, University of Michigan

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the basic functions of the chemical sensesExplain the basic functions of the somatosensory, nociceptive, and thermoceptive sensory systemsDescribe the basic functions of the vestibular, proprioceptive, and kinesthetic sensory systems

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Spinal cord stimulation offers long-term relief to patients managing chronic pain, without the need for opioids. This winning combination has spurred incredible growth in the industry, with approximately 50,000 spinal cord stimulators being implanted each year and an estimated market of 7 billion U.S. dollars by 2020. But despite this progress, exactly how the technology works remains unclear. Especially with regard to potential changes in brain activity. A new review article in the journal Anesthesiology takes a closer look at these potential supraspinal pathways and actions. Covering both preclinical and clinical articles, the review starts with the 1960s, when an idea known as Gate Control Theory was proposed to explain how conventional tonic stimulation works. The theory suggests that a combination of presynaptic inhibition and inhibitory interneuronal communication occurs in the spinal cord following the electrical activation of large-diameter afferent fibers..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"A recent study suggests that baseball players with a torn posterior labrum, the back rim on the socket that keeps the shoulder’s ball joint in place, could benefit significantly from arthroscopic surgery. Among 32 young athletes with this injury, more than 90% returned to play, with 61% returning to their previous performance level. Labral tears are common among contact and non-contact athletes alike, with different types of stresses leading to different types of tears. Among football linemen and baseball pitchers, tearing of the posterior labrum is common. Unfortunately, there’s a big disparity in the amount of research dedicated to each type of athlete. While linemen have proven able to return to sport following labral repair, the small amount of available research on baseball players suggests that pitchers won’t necessarily enjoy the same result..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.