This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Many patients undergoing chemotherapy for cancer develop a serious side effect called chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). CIPN involves pain, tingling, burning, or numbness in the hands and feet and is caused by neuroinflammation triggered by the protein HMGB1, but the exact mechanisms aren’t clear. To learn more and help find a treatment, researchers recently examined the plasma of human patients and mice with oxaliplatin-induced CIPN. They found that the levels of HMGB1 and its target enzyme MMP-9 (a pain marker) were elevated in CIPN plasma and that a higher dose of oxaliplatin was associated with higher HMGB1 levels and worse pain. In cell experiments, HMGB1 was degraded—and inflammatory molecule expression was suppressed—when the enzyme AMPK was activated suggesting that AMPK activation might be beneficial for CIPN. These effects were dependent on the protein SR-A1..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Neuropathic pain is a constant struggle for tens of millions of people worldwide. While opioids remain the dominant treatment option for pain relief, their severe side effects have scientists and patients searching for new solutions. One team is exploring the benefits of L-corydalmine. an extract from Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang, a traditional Chinese herb. Experiments revealed that L-corydalmine reduced the expression of nerve growth factor, or NGF. Immune cells secrete NGF as they’re recruited to the site of nerve injury, which then activates pathways that signal pain to the brain. In rats, L-corydalmine blocked NGF from activating the MAPK pathway, which reduced symptoms of nerve pain in rats. This is the first experimental evidence that the herbal extract can relieve neuropathic pain in this manner, making L-corydalmine a promising therapeutic worthy of further study..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Pain is useful. It’s a natural mechanism for protecting the body in humans and other animals. However, pain that is chronic and persists longer than it should is considered a disease. Research has revealed that pain is often the result of an important interplay between the immune system and the nervous system. When the body produces an inflammatory response to injury, or disease, inflammation can activate [pain circuits], sensitize them, and lead to increased and ongoing pain. Now, using nanosized particles of medicine that momentarily switch inflammation off, researchers have discovered new clues as to how chronic pain unfolds and how it might be relieved. The team began by inducing immune-based chronic pain in rats. They did so surgically by constricting the right sciatic nerve with loosely tied sutures, causing swelling and inflammation through the infiltration of white blood cells, immune cells including monocytes that become macrophages..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"New research shows that hyperalgesia, a neuropathic condition causing heightened sensitivity to pain, can be effectively reversed in a human experimental model. For the hundreds of thousands who suffer from this hard-to-treat condition, the study’s findings could offer much-needed pain relief. Treating neuropathic pain is notoriously difficult. Clinicians must wade through numerous patient-reported symptoms just to source the pain. And even when the presence of neuropathy is established, finding a treatment that works can be painstaking. In recent years, researchers have focused on neural receptors of N-methyl-D-aspartate, or NMDA; these receptors are linked to the central sensitization that gives rise to hyperalgesia. Specifically, they’ve explored the effects of NMDA receptor antagonists, such as ketamine, memantine, and dextromethorphan. Dextromethorphan has proven especially effective in combating hyperalgesia..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Psychology is designed to meet scope and sequence requirements for the single-semester introduction to psychology course. The book offers a comprehensive treatment of core concepts, grounded in both classic studies and current and emerging research. The text also includes coverage of the DSM-5 in examinations of psychological disorders. Psychology incorporates discussions that reflect the diversity within the discipline, as well as the diversity of cultures and communities across the globe.Senior Contributing AuthorsRose M. Spielman, Formerly of Quinnipiac UniversityContributing AuthorsKathryn Dumper, Bainbridge State CollegeWilliam Jenkins, Mercer UniversityArlene Lacombe, Saint Joseph's UniversityMarilyn Lovett, Livingstone CollegeMarion Perlmutter, University of Michigan

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the basic functions of the chemical sensesExplain the basic functions of the somatosensory, nociceptive, and thermoceptive sensory systemsDescribe the basic functions of the vestibular, proprioceptive, and kinesthetic sensory systems