Biology is designed for multi-semester biology courses for science majors. It is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand. To meet the needs of today’s instructors and students, some content has been strategically condensed while maintaining the overall scope and coverage of traditional texts for this course. Instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand—and apply—key concepts.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the symptoms, potential causes, and treatment of several examples of nervous system disorders

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. While most of the attention focuses on motor symptoms. PD can also cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as constipation, nausea, and vomiting. Growing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota influences PD pathogenesis via the microbiota-gut-brain axis and that using fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to normalize the gut bacterial community has beneficial effects on PD. To explore the underlying mechanisms, researchers established a chronic rotenone-induced PD mouse model. Rotenone treatment led to gut microbiome changes, gastrointestinal impairment, and poor motor performance, which was then alleviated by FMT. FMT also reduced intestinal inflammation and barrier destruction. Subsequently, FMT attenuated blood-brain barrier impairment and neuroinflammation in the substantia nigra (SN), thus decreasing the damage to dopaminergic neurons..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"In Wolfram syndrome (WFS), intracellular endoplasmic reticulum stress and reduced levels of the protein wolframin lead to diabetes and neurodegeneration. In addition, deficiency of the wolframin-encoding gene, WFS1, is known to disrupt calcium balance and change mitochondrial dynamics. Unfortunately, there is no effective treatment for WFS, but better characterization of its mechanisms might aid in therapy development. To further investigate WFS, a recent study analyzed the mRNA transcript and protein profiles in a human cell WFS model. The levels of proteins in various signaling pathways differed between the WFS cells and normal control cells. For example, proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation, the major energy-producing pathway in mitochondria, were downregulated in the WFS cells. while proteins in other energy generation pathways were upregulated..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.