Biology is designed for multi-semester biology courses for science majors. It is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand. To meet the needs of today’s instructors and students, some content has been strategically condensed while maintaining the overall scope and coverage of traditional texts for this course. Instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand—and apply—key concepts.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the passage of air from the outside environment to the lungsExplain how the lungs are protected from particulate matter

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the passage of air from the outside environment to the lungsExplain how the lungs are protected from particulate matter

The respiratory tract begins with the nose which includes the external nose, internal nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses. As well as being vital for transport of gases to the lower respiratory tract, the nasal cavity is also the site for one of the special senses - Olfaction.

This lesson describes the function and components of the human nervous system. It helps students understand the purpose of our brain, spinal cord, nerves and the five senses. How the nervous system is affected during spaceflight is also discussed in this lesson.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Our microbiome plays a key role in our health and contains bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea. However, due to several factors, the bacterial residents get the most attention. Consequently, our understanding of fungi and their interactions with other microbiome residents remains limited. A recent study addressed this by collecting data on the nasal cavity and oropharynx microbiome of healthy newborn infants. The fungal and bacterial species composition was most strongly influenced by location in the airway. However, breastfeeding status also significantly shaped both the bacterial and fungal communities in the oropharynx. Multi-kingdom microbial networks inference analysis suggested potential interactions between the fungi and bacteria. To examine potential impacts on the infants, the gene expression in their nasal cavity was also evaluated..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Chronic rhinosinusitis is one of the most common diseases among humans, affecting approximately 12% of the adult population globally. It is characterized by inflammation of the nasal cavity and sinuses, causing facial pressure and pain as well as long-term loss of smell. Benign masses called nasal polyps can also develop and cause chronic nasal obstruction, but the exact cause of this disease is unknown. Recent research has indicated that toxins produced by the bacterium _Staphylococcus aureus_, particularly enterotoxin B (SEB), may play an important role. SEB is thought to stimulate the immune system by activating proteins such as toll-like receptor 2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines and by causing reactive oxygen species production and endoplasmic reticulum stress. This inflammatory response may then disrupt the integrity of the epithelial cells in the nose and sinuses..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.