This week we will examine the concept of a function, a fundamental concept underlying all of modern mathematics. You’re undoubtedly already familiar with functions in an intuitive sense: a function is something which, given
an input, produces an output. But you’ve probably never seen the formal definition of a function as it relates to set theory, which is what we’ll look at this week.

This is a task from the Illustrative Mathematics website that is one part of a complete illustration of the standard to which it is aligned. Each task has at least one solution and some commentary that addresses important aspects of the task and its potential use.

APEX Calculus is a calculus textbook written for traditional college/university calculus courses. It has the look and feel of the calculus book you likely use right now (Stewart, Thomas & Finney, etc.). The explanations of new concepts is clear, written for someone who does not yet know calculus. Each section ends with an exercise set with ample problems to practice & test skills (odd answers are in the back).

The problem presents a context where a quadratic function arises. Careful analysis, including graphing, of the function is closely related to the context. The student will gain valuable experience applying the quadratic formula and the exercise also gives a possible implementation of completing the square.

The problem statement describes a changing algae population as reported by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources. In part (a), students are expected to build an exponential function modeling algae concentration from the description given of the relationship between concentrations in cells/ml and days of rapid growth (F-LE.2).

A work in progress, CK-12's Algebra I Second Edition is a clear presentation of algebra for the high school student. Topics include: Equations and Functions, Real Numbers, Equations of Lines, Solving Systems of Equations and Quadratic Equations.

CK-12 Foundation's Basic Algebra FlexBook is an introduction to the algebraic topics of functions, equations, and graphs for middle-school and high-school students.

CK-12 Algebra Explorations is a hands-on series of activities that guides students from Pre-K to Grade 7 through algebraic concepts.

"Students connect polynomial arithmetic to computations with whole numbers and integers.  Students learn that the arithmetic of rational expressions is governed by the same rules as the arithmetic of rational numbers.  This unit helps students see connections between solutions to polynomial equations, zeros of polynomials, and graphs of polynomial functions.  Polynomial equations are solved over the set of complex numbers, leading to a beginning understanding of the fundamental theorem of algebra.  Application and modeling problems connect multiple representations and include both real world and purely mathematical situations.

Find the rest of the EngageNY Mathematics resources at https://archive.org/details/engageny-mathematics.

"In this module, students synthesize and generalize what they have learned about a variety of function families.  They extend the domain of exponential functions to the entire real line (N-RN.A.1) and then extend their work with these functions to include solving exponential equations with logarithms (F-LE.A.4).  They explore (with appropriate tools) the effects of transformations on graphs of exponential and logarithmic functions.  They notice that the transformations on a graph of a logarithmic function relate to the logarithmic properties (F-BF.B.3).  Students identify appropriate types of functions to model a situation.  They adjust parameters to improve the model, and they compare models by analyzing appropriateness of fit and making judgments about the domain over which a model is a good fit.  The description of modeling as, “the process of choosing and using mathematics and statistics to analyze empirical situations, to understand them better, and to make decisions,” is at the heart of this module.  In particular, through repeated opportunities in working through the modeling cycle (see page 61 of the CCLS), students acquire the insight that the same mathematical or statistical structure can sometimes model seemingly different situations.

Find the rest of the EngageNY Mathematics resources at https://archive.org/details/engageny-mathematics."

(Nota: Esta es una traducción de un recurso educativo abierto creado por el Departamento de Educación del Estado de Nueva York (NYSED) como parte del proyecto "EngageNY" en 2013. Aunque el recurso real fue traducido por personas, la siguiente descripción se tradujo del inglés original usando Google Translate para ayudar a los usuarios potenciales a decidir si se adapta a sus necesidades y puede contener errores gramaticales o lingüísticos. La descripción original en inglés también se proporciona a continuación.)

"Los estudiantes conectan la aritmética polinomial con los cálculos con números enteros e enteros. Los estudiantes aprenden que la aritmética de las expresiones racionales se rige por las mismas reglas que la aritmética de los números racionales. Esta unidad ayuda a los estudiantes a ver conexiones entre soluciones a ecuaciones polinomiales, ceros de polinomiales,, y gráficos de funciones polinómicas. Las ecuaciones polinomiales se resuelven sobre el conjunto de números complejos, lo que lleva a una comprensión inicial del teorema fundamental del álgebra. Los problemas de aplicación y modelado conectan múltiples representaciones e incluyen situaciones de mundo real y puramente matemáticas.

Encuentre el resto de los recursos matemáticos de Engageny en https://archive.org/details/engageny-mathematics.

English Description:
"Students connect polynomial arithmetic to computations with whole numbers and integers.  Students learn that the arithmetic of rational expressions is governed by the same rules as the arithmetic of rational numbers.  This unit helps students see connections between solutions to polynomial equations, zeros of polynomials, and graphs of polynomial functions.  Polynomial equations are solved over the set of complex numbers, leading to a beginning understanding of the fundamental theorem of algebra.  Application and modeling problems connect multiple representations and include both real world and purely mathematical situations.

Find the rest of the EngageNY Mathematics resources at https://archive.org/details/engageny-mathematics.

(Nota: Esta es una traducción de un recurso educativo abierto creado por el Departamento de Educación del Estado de Nueva York (NYSED) como parte del proyecto "EngageNY" en 2013. Aunque el recurso real fue traducido por personas, la siguiente descripción se tradujo del inglés original usando Google Translate para ayudar a los usuarios potenciales a decidir si se adapta a sus necesidades y puede contener errores gramaticales o lingüísticos. La descripción original en inglés también se proporciona a continuación.)

"En este módulo, los estudiantes sintetizan y generalizan lo que han aprendido sobre una variedad de familias de funciones. Extienden el dominio de las funciones exponenciales a toda la línea real (n-rn.a.1) y luego extienden su trabajo con estas funciones a incluir la resolución de ecuaciones exponenciales con logaritmos (F-le.a.4). Exploran (con herramientas apropiadas) los efectos de las transformaciones en gráficos de funciones exponenciales y logarítmicas. Notan que las transformaciones en un gráfico de una función logarítmica se relacionan con el Propiedades logarítmicas (F-BF.B.3). Los estudiantes identifican tipos apropiados de funciones para modelar una situación. Ajustan los parámetros para mejorar el modelo y comparan los modelos analizando la idoneidad del ajuste y las juicios sobre el dominio sobre el cual un modelo es un buen ajuste. La descripción del modelado como, el proceso de elegir y usar matemáticas y estadísticas para analizar situaciones empíricas, comprenderlas mejor y tomar decisiones, está en el corazón de este módulo. En particular, a través de oportunidades repetidas para trabajar a través del ciclo de modelado (consulte la página 61 del CCLS), los estudiantes adquieren la idea de que la misma estructura matemática o estadística a veces puede modelar situaciones aparentemente diferentes.

Encuentre el resto de los recursos matemáticos de Engageny en https://archive.org/details/engageny-mathematics ".

English Description:
"In this module, students synthesize and generalize what they have learned about a variety of function families.  They extend the domain of exponential functions to the entire real line (N-RN.A.1) and then extend their work with these functions to include solving exponential equations with logarithms (F-LE.A.4).  They explore (with appropriate tools) the effects of transformations on graphs of exponential and logarithmic functions.  They notice that the transformations on a graph of a logarithmic function relate to the logarithmic properties (F-BF.B.3).  Students identify appropriate types of functions to model a situation.  They adjust parameters to improve the model, and they compare models by analyzing appropriateness of fit and making judgments about the domain over which a model is a good fit.  The description of modeling as, “the process of choosing and using mathematics and statistics to analyze empirical situations, to understand them better, and to make decisions,” is at the heart of this module.  In particular, through repeated opportunities in working through the modeling cycle (see page 61 of the CCLS), students acquire the insight that the same mathematical or statistical structure can sometimes model seemingly different situations.

Find the rest of the EngageNY Mathematics resources at https://archive.org/details/engageny-mathematics."

In earlier grades, students define, evaluate, and compare functions and use them to model relationships between quantities. In this module, students extend their study of functions to include function notation and the concepts of domain and range. They explore many examples of functions and their graphs, focusing on the contrast between linear and exponential functions. They interpret functions given graphically, numerically, symbolically, and verbally; translate between representations; and understand the limitations of various representations.

Find the rest of the EngageNY Mathematics resources at https://archive.org/details/engageny-mathematics.

In earlier modules, students analyze the process of solving equations and developing fluency in writing, interpreting, and translating between various forms of linear equations (Module 1) and linear and exponential functions (Module 3). These experiences combined with modeling with data (Module 2), set the stage for Module 4. Here students continue to interpret expressions, create equations, rewrite equations and functions in different but equivalent forms, and graph and interpret functions, but this time using polynomial functions, and more specifically quadratic functions, as well as square root and cube root functions.

Find the rest of the EngageNY Mathematics resources at https://archive.org/details/engageny-mathematics.

(Nota: Esta es una traducción de un recurso educativo abierto creado por el Departamento de Educación del Estado de Nueva York (NYSED) como parte del proyecto "EngageNY" en 2013. Aunque el recurso real fue traducido por personas, la siguiente descripción se tradujo del inglés original usando Google Translate para ayudar a los usuarios potenciales a decidir si se adapta a sus necesidades y puede contener errores gramaticales o lingüísticos. La descripción original en inglés también se proporciona a continuación.)

En calificaciones anteriores, los estudiantes definen, evalúan y comparan las funciones y las usan para modelar las relaciones entre las cantidades. En este módulo, los estudiantes extienden su estudio de funciones para incluir la notación de la función y los conceptos de dominio y rango. Exploran muchos ejemplos de funciones y sus gráficos, centrándose en el contraste entre las funciones lineales y exponenciales. Interpretan funciones dadas gráfica, numérica, simbólica y verbalmente; traducir entre representaciones; y comprender las limitaciones de varias representaciones.

Encuentre el resto de los recursos matemáticos de Engageny en https://archive.org/details/engageny-mathematics.

English Description:
In earlier grades, students define, evaluate, and compare functions and use them to model relationships between quantities. In this module, students extend their study of functions to include function notation and the concepts of domain and range. They explore many examples of functions and their graphs, focusing on the contrast between linear and exponential functions. They interpret functions given graphically, numerically, symbolically, and verbally; translate between representations; and understand the limitations of various representations.

Find the rest of the EngageNY Mathematics resources at https://archive.org/details/engageny-mathematics.

(Nota: Esta es una traducción de un recurso educativo abierto creado por el Departamento de Educación del Estado de Nueva York (NYSED) como parte del proyecto "EngageNY" en 2013. Aunque el recurso real fue traducido por personas, la siguiente descripción se tradujo del inglés original usando Google Translate para ayudar a los usuarios potenciales a decidir si se adapta a sus necesidades y puede contener errores gramaticales o lingüísticos. La descripción original en inglés también se proporciona a continuación.)

En módulos anteriores, los estudiantes analizan el proceso de resolver ecuaciones y desarrollar fluidez en la escritura, interpretación y traducción entre varias formas de ecuaciones lineales (Módulo 1) y funciones lineales y exponenciales (Módulo 3). Estas experiencias combinadas con el modelado con datos (Módulo 2), preparan el escenario para el módulo 4. Aquí los estudiantes continúan interpretando expresiones, crean ecuaciones, reescriben ecuaciones y funciones en formas diferentes pero equivalentes, y gráficos e interpretan funciones, pero esta vez utilizando polinomial funciones y funciones más específicamente cuadráticas, así como funciones de raíz de raíz cuadrada y de cubos.

Encuentre el resto de los recursos matemáticos de Engageny en https://archive.org/details/engageny-mathematics.

English Description:
In earlier modules, students analyze the process of solving equations and developing fluency in writing, interpreting, and translating between various forms of linear equations (Module 1) and linear and exponential functions (Module 3). These experiences combined with modeling with data (Module 2), set the stage for Module 4. Here students continue to interpret expressions, create equations, rewrite equations and functions in different but equivalent forms, and graph and interpret functions, but this time using polynomial functions, and more specifically quadratic functions, as well as square root and cube root functions.

Find the rest of the EngageNY Mathematics resources at https://archive.org/details/engageny-mathematics.

In this video segment from Cyberchase, Matt tries for a second time to arrange tables and chairs to accommodate 20 workers.

Students learn more about assistive devices, specifically biomedical engineering applied to computer engineering concepts, with an engineering challenge to create an automatic floor cleaner computer program. Following the steps of the design process, they design computer programs and test them by programming a simulated robot vacuum cleaner (a LEGO® robot) to move in designated patterns. Successful programs meet all the design requirements.

In this real world problem students solve questions based on the relationship between production costs and price.