Illustration of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria flagella
Biology is designed for multi-semester biology courses for science majors. It is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand. To meet the needs of today’s instructors and students, some content has been strategically condensed while maintaining the overall scope and coverage of traditional texts for this course. Instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand—and apply—key concepts.
By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the cytoskeletonCompare the roles of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubulesCompare and contrast cilia and flagellaSummarize the differences among the components of prokaryotic cells, animal cells, and plant cells
This illustrate the flagellum of a eukaryotic cell. The axoneme comprise the bulk of the flagellum and is composed of microtubules arranged in a 9 + 2 configuration. It also contains motor proteins and other components not shown.
This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:
"Spermatozoa are incredibly unique specialized cells—once they leave the testes, they do not transcribe genes or synthesize new proteins. So, the final step in their maturation, capacitation, is regulated via posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of existing proteins. To learn more, researchers recently examined the relationship between two types of PTMs in frozen bull sperm, specifically tyrosine phosphorylation and reversible oxidative PTMs (oxPTMs). The researchers also examined the role of PRDX enzymes, as their activity is closely related to reversible oxPTMs. Proteins that bind to the egg surface, called zona-pellucida binding proteins, were especially common among reversible oxPTM modified proteins, and proteins related to the tail, or flagella, were associated with all the analyzed PTM types. Inhibiting PRDX activity during capacitation caused an increase in reversible oxPTMs and a decrease in tyrosine phosphorylation, as well as changes in the PTMs on several key proteins and enzymes..."
The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.