Is climate change real? Yes, it is! And technologies to reduce Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions are being developed. One type of technology that is imperative in the short run is biofuels; however, biofuels must meet specifications for gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel, or catastrophic damage could occur. This course will examine the chemistry of technologies of bio-based sources for power generation and transportation fuels. We'll consider various biomasses that can be utilized for fuel generation, understand the processes necessary for biomass processing, explore biorefining, and analyze how biofuels can be used in current fuel infrastructure.

It’s one thing to say a business is carbon neutral. It’s another to be able to truly account for that carbon at all stages of the production process. In this episode of Crash Course Climate and Energy, we’ll take a look at efforts to count all those greenhouse gas emissions, reduce them, and capture the ones we can’t avoid.

Chapters:
Introduction: Carbon Neutrality
Defining Biofuels
Ethanol
Carbon Accounting & Greenwashing
Cellulosic Biofuels
Carbon Capture
Storing & Using Carbon
The Future of Carbon Emissions
Review & Credits
Credits

In this activity, students examine how to grow plants the most efficiently. They imagine that they are designing a biofuels production facility and need to know how to efficiently grow plants to use in this facility. As a means of solving this design problem, they plan a scientific experiment in which they investigate how a given variable (of their choice) affects plant growth. They then make predictions about the outcomes and record their observations after two weeks regarding the condition of the plants' stem, leaves and roots. They use these observations to guide their solution to the engineering design problem. The biological processes of photosynthesis and transpiration are briefly explained to help students make informed decisions about planning and interpreting their investigation and its results.

This is a compilation of resources from the Nebraska Ethanol Board, including reviewing the economic and environmental benefits of ethanol.  All resources are produced by the Nebraska Ethanol Board.  https://ethanol.nebraska.gov/

This kit explores how sustainability has been presented in the media with a particular focus on issues related to food, water and agriculture. Each of the 19 lessons integrates media literacy and critical thinking into lessons about different aspect of sustainability. Constant themes throughout the kit include social justice, climate change, energy, economics and unintended consequences.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"People with chronic alcoholism exhibit signs of neurodegeneration, but the reasons for this have been unclear. Ethanol-induced calcium overload is known to cause an imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics, and results in the formation of a protein complex called the NLRP3 inflammasome, which initiates an inflammatory form of cell death. Researchers have now determined calcium’s role in the degeneration of neuronal cells exposed to ethanol. They found that ethanol exposure increases NMDA receptor (NMDAR) expression in neuronal cells, which causes calcium to rush into the cells, resulting in calcium overload and CaMKII activation. Activated CaMKII then phosphorylates dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and JNK1 and phosphorylated Drp1 is relocated to the mitochondria, which undergo dysfunction. The phosphorylation of JNK1 activates the NLRP3 inflammasome and exacerbates ROS accumulation, ultimately leading cells to their death..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"EnvironmentalDNA capture is helping researchers do the seemingly impossible: track the numerous plants and animals that call natural waters home. But fishing for so-called eDNA can be precarious work. Each step of the process, from water sampling to DNA detection, is a point of entry for contaminants or of loss for sample material. Now, a new standard could be in the making. Self-preserving and partially biodegradable, this new filtration system eliminates data-compromising steps from eDNA capture while ensuring long-term sample preservation and generating less plastic waste. In standard eDNA collection, a motorized or hand-powered pump is used to force a water sample through a DNA-capturing membrane. The filter housing is then opened and, using sterilized forceps, the membrane is carefully transferred to a vial. Finally, ethanol is added to preserve the captured eDNA while its transported to a lab for sequencing or PCR detection..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.