This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Malignant renal cell carcinoma accounts for approximately 2% of cancer cases worldwide, and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is the most common subtype. Tumor angiogenesis is an important prognostic indicator and therapeutic target for KIRC. However, the specific angiogenesis subtypes in KIRC and their epigenetic regulation mechanisms are not well defined. In a recent multi-omics study, researchers analyzed these subtypes in patients using published molecular datasets. Angiogenesis scores calculated based on a 189-gene molecular signature were correlated with several prognostic indicators in over 500 patients. The five genes that contributed most to the scores (MMRN2, CLEC14A, ACVRL1, EFNB2, and TEK) were also associated with overall survival. Clustering analysis based on 183 of the signature genes identified two angiogenesis subtypes among the patients..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Biology is designed for multi-semester biology courses for science majors. It is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand. To meet the needs of today’s instructors and students, some content has been strategically condensed while maintaining the overall scope and coverage of traditional texts for this course. Instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand—and apply—key concepts.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Explain the process of epigenetic regulationDescribe how access to DNA is controlled by histone modification

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Colorectal cancer is the most common cancer worldwide and among the top 3 causes of cancer-related death in men and women. Despite advances in diagnosing and treating colorectal cancer prognosis remains poor because of persistent mechanisms of tumor proliferation. A new study has zeroed in on one protein that could be behind some of these mechanisms of colorectal cancer spread. JARID1B is a demethylase enzyme encoded by the gene KDM5B and has been implicated in the development of several cancers, including breast, prostate, and liver cancer. Researchers found that JARID1B was significantly upregulated in colorectal cancer tissue versus adjacent normal tissue. In patients with colorectal cancer, high JARID1B expression was associated with poor overall survival. Experiments revealed that JARID1B promoted the spread of colorectal tumor cells through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Specifically, by inhibiting the protein CDX2..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

During development a single totipotent cell gives rise to the vast array of cell types present in the adult human body, yet each cell has essentially the same DNA sequence. As cells differentiate, distinct sets of genes must be coordinately activated and repressed, ultimately leading to a cell-type specific pattern of gene expression and a particular cell fate. In eukaryotic organisms, DNA is packaged in a complex protein super structure known as chromatin. Modification and reorganization of chromatin play a critical role in coordinating the cell-type specific gene expression programs that are required as a cell transitions from a pluripotent stem cell to a fully differentiated cell type. Epigenetics refers to such heritable changes that occur in chromatin without altering the primary DNA sequence. This class will focus on the role of epigenetic regulation with respect to developmental fate and also consider the fact that the epigenetic mechanisms discussed have broad implications, including how seemingly normal cells can be transformed into cancerous cells.
This course is one of many Advanced Undergraduate Seminars offered by the Biology Department at MIT. These seminars are tailored for students with an interest in using primary research literature to discuss and learn about current biological research in a highly interactive setting. Many instructors of the Advanced Undergraduate Seminars are postdoctoral scientists with a strong interest in teaching.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor and represents a major health problem across the globe. Understanding how gliomas form has proven difficult, especially at the molecular level, but growing evidence points to the important roles played by non-coding RNAs, especially small non-coding RNAs that interact with PIWI proteins, or piRNAs. piRNAs execute functions associated with epigenetic reprogramming and can regulate transcription, translation, development, and mRNA stability. In fact, piRNAs have been detected in many types of cancer and are known to be involved in the development and spread of certain tumors. piRNAs are formed either through the “primary processing pathway” or the secondary “ping-pong cycle” pathway. In conjunction with PIWI proteins, piRNAs execute epigenetic regulation of genes by modifying histones. In this way, piRNAs can influence numerous molecular signaling pathways associated with the formation and spread of gliomas, including the PI3K/AKT and TNF signaling pathways..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.