Biology is designed for multi-semester biology courses for science majors. It is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand. To meet the needs of today’s instructors and students, some content has been strategically condensed while maintaining the overall scope and coverage of traditional texts for this course. Instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand—and apply—key concepts.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe how viruses were first discovered and how they are detectedDiscuss three hypotheses about how viruses evolvedRecognize the basic shapes of virusesUnderstand past and emerging classification systems for viruses

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Viruses must adapt to the microenvironments of their hosts’ cells in order to establish infection often “hijacking” the machinery of host cells to serve their own purposes. Many types of mammalian host cells release exosomes (small vesicles containing various molecules) to communicate with neighboring cells. but how viruses exploit exosomes remains unclear. To learn more, researchers recently screened Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) proteins in exosomes that might promote infection. They identified the protein BGLF2, which normally exists in the viral tegument, through several screening strategies. Tegument proteins are typically released from viruses after they enter the host cell cytoplasm to mediate infectivity, supporting an infection-driving role of exosomal BGLF2. Additional in vitro experiments revealed that BGLF2-containing exosomes enhanced viral gene expression and suppressed host innate immunity..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

The course aims at providing a fundamental understanding of the physics related to buildings and to propose an overview of the various issues that have to be adequately combined to offer the occupants a physical, functional and psychological well-being. Students will be guided through the different components, constraints and systems of a work of architecture. These will be examined both independently and in the manner in which they interact and affect one another.