This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Bariatric surgeries like gastric bypass are often used for weight loss, but they can also help protect patients from fatal heart attacks, possibly by altering the levels of gut-derived metabolic hormones like GLP-1, leptin, ghrelin, and insulin, which are known to affect heart tissue, or by acting on heart tissue directly. Researchers recently investigated the mechanisms by performing three common bariatric surgeries on non-obese, non-diabetic rats. Ten weeks later, the researchers subjected the rats to simulated heart attacks by restricting and reestablishing their cardiac blood flow. Both Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy, but not ileal transposition surgery, reduced the size of the damaged area in the heart and the no-reflow area to which blood flow couldn’t be restored. Gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy also increased GLP-1 and leptin levels, while sleeve gastrectomy reduced ghrelin levels. In contrast, none of the surgeries affected insulin levels..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"What’s the best way to measure blood pressure in surgical patients with obesity? While oscillometry using blood-pressure cuffs is the standard, in patients with obesity, these may not fit well. And oscillometry only provides intermittent information. Arterial catheters provide continuous monitoring but are invasive and can cause complications. One alternative is using a non-invasive, continuous finger cuff method. But little is known about how these various methods compare in obese patients. A new prospective study published in the journal _Anesthesiology_ has found that in patients undergoing bariatric surgery, there was better agreement between intraarterial measurement and the finger cuff than with standard cuffs for mean arterial pressure and diastolic blood pressure. And with standard cuffs, forearm measurements were superior to those on the upper arm or lower leg..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Obesity is a prevalent problem worldwide with major health effects. In addition to overall effects, obesity can cause a wide array of gynecological and obstetric complications in women. Because shifts in the vaginal microbiota (VMB) can also be a risk factor for adverse reproductive and health outcomes, researchers examined the relationship between the VMB and obesity. Using sequencing to assess the microbiota in 67 obese women, 42 non-obese women, and 27 women who underwent bariatric surgery, they found a lower prevalence of Lactobacillus and higher prevalence of high-diversity species in the VMB of obese subjects. Local vaginal levels of many inflammatory cytokines were also elevated in obese women, but only IL-1β and IL-8 levels were correlated with VMB diversity. The VMB did not change significantly within 6 months of bariatric surgery, but many womens’ BMIs also remained within the obese range during that time..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"New research reveals a previously unrecognized circuit for regulating blood glucose levels. This circuit supports a recently proposed mechanism for why patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery show reduced symptoms of diabetes, well before weight loss. Our bodies turn the carbohydrates, fats and proteins found in food into useful sugars, fatty acids and amino acids. After a meal, the pancreas works to keep our blood sugar level, or glycemia, high enough to keep our brain fed, yet low enough not to damage delicate tissues. It does that by secreting the regulatory hormone insulin. Insulin stimulates the storage of glucose as starch in the liver and muscle. While some amino acids can enhance insulin production, one of them actually does the opposite. Researchers demonstrated that nutritional tyrosine is converted to the neurotransmitter dopamine in the gut and stomach after eating..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Psychology is designed to meet scope and sequence requirements for the single-semester introduction to psychology course. The book offers a comprehensive treatment of core concepts, grounded in both classic studies and current and emerging research. The text also includes coverage of the DSM-5 in examinations of psychological disorders. Psychology incorporates discussions that reflect the diversity within the discipline, as well as the diversity of cultures and communities across the globe.Senior Contributing AuthorsRose M. Spielman, Formerly of Quinnipiac UniversityContributing AuthorsKathryn Dumper, Bainbridge State CollegeWilliam Jenkins, Mercer UniversityArlene Lacombe, Saint Joseph's UniversityMarilyn Lovett, Livingstone CollegeMarion Perlmutter, University of Michigan

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe how hunger and eating are regulatedDifferentiate between levels of overweight and obesity and the associated health consequencesExplain the health consequences resulting from anorexia and bulimia nervosa

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Bariatric surgery can improve health outcomes when a patient’s severe obesity is resistant to changes in diet and exercise. These procedures also modify the gut microbiota and system-wide metabolism. The benefits go beyond weight loss and include the resolution of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and obstructive sleep apnea, but we don’t yet understand the mechanisms of these metabolic health outcomes. Recently, researchers examined three cohorts with patients who had undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), or laparoscopic gastric banding (LGB). RYGB patients had the most profound metabolic changes, which included changes in the urinary metabolome, the gut microbiome, and an associated metabolic shift. These changes in metabolic activity may contribute to the many downstream physiological effects of bariatric surgery. These results showed that a subset of bacterial species likely drive the observed changes to metabolite signatures in urine and feces..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.