This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The growing number of studies linking repetitive head trauma to abnormal brain function is concerning for today’s athletes and their families. Perhaps nowhere more so than in American football. But while researchers have explored the effects of head impacts from high school to the pros, they haven’t ventured as deeply into the effects for youth players—or how head impacts happen in the first place. That’s crucial, because players under the age of 14 account for more than 70% of the 5 million American athletes who play football. Now, a new study takes a close look at whether youth players intentionally lower their head when going for a hard hit. Broken down by session type, player position, and ball possession, the findings offer support for modifying rules and training in an effort to minimize head injuries among youth players. Using specially equipped helmets and video footage, the authors of the study collected data on more than 68 youth football players over 153 games and practices..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Thoughts on athletes being paid

Poster showing a portrait of an aviator. Apply E. Cunliffe-Owen, Hotel Cecil, Strand, London. By permission of F.M. Birkett and The "Daily Sketch." Title from item.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Shoulder dislocations and partial dislocations are some of the most common and disabling injuries in active young people, especially athletes. After the bone has been popped back and the initial agony is over, the issue of what to do next is much debated. One option is surgery to try to repair the damage, but whether that is preferable to less-invasive care remains controversial. Researchers now have evidence that supports the surgical option, at least for young people suffering a first event. The team monitored the degree of bone damage to the shoulder socket, or glenoid bone, which holds the head of the humerus in place. Until now, there has not been much information about the extent of this damage to guide a decision on the best approach. The shoulders of 714 student athletes were imaged by MRI scanning, and the subjects were then followed for four years..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Poster showing a wounded soldier with a rifle, standing over a fallen fellow soldier, and turning to a vignette of a rugby game in a stadium. Poster probably alludes to the recruitment of athletes for the Sportsman Battalion. Reprinted from "The Weekly Dispatch" (November 22nd, 1914). Title from item.