This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Radiation is a powerful therapy for fighting cancer. But it can prove toxic to tissues in the bone marrow and gastrointestinal tract, a condition known as acute radiation syndrome. In 2017, researchers discovered that transplanting fecal matter from healthy mice to mice with acute radiation syndrome can alleviate radiation toxicity. To find out how, the researchers analyzed fecal pellets from mice receiving radiation to treat tumors. They discovered elevated levels of indole 3-propionic acid, or IPA, a protective antioxidant produced by microbes in the gut, suggesting that IPA is lost following exposure to radiation. Administering IPA orally to irradiated mice recouped this loss. and produced notable improvements in the spleen and thymus of mice with acute radiation syndrome without accelerating tumor growth. The evidence suggests that administering IPA could be a safe way to prevent acute radiation syndrome during radiotherapy without requiring fecal matter transplantation..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Biology is designed for multi-semester biology courses for science majors. It is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand. To meet the needs of today’s instructors and students, some content has been strategically condensed while maintaining the overall scope and coverage of traditional texts for this course. Instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand—and apply—key concepts.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Compare and contrast the way in which aquatic animals and terrestrial animals can eliminate toxic ammonia from their systemsCompare the major byproduct of ammonia metabolism in vertebrate animals to that of birds, insects, and reptiles

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The physiological effects of melatonin are far reaching, from acting as an neuroprotective agent to regulating circadian rhythms and sleep cycles. An imbalance of this hormone has even been linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s. The precise molecular mechanism by which melatonin exerts these effects, however, remains a mystery. To shed light on this process, a team of researchers has developed a melatonin-like compound that is unable to penetrate the cell membrane and binds only to cell-surface receptors. Melatonin’s physiological effects on the brain are controlled by the lock-and-key-like properties of this hormone and its receptors. When melatonin binds to its corresponding receptor, a biochemical signal is sent into the cell. But recent data suggests that this interaction may also occur inside the cell, itself. Specifically, on mitochondria within brain cells..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Mango is a juicy fruit, grown in tropical climate. it is amember of drupe family. It has many functional properties

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Antioxidants – considered by many the superheroes of the dietary world – are reported to do everything from improving heart health to helping fight cancer. They’re also a common anti-aging ingredient in skin care lines. University of Maryland researchers have narrowed down one antioxidant that seems to significantly outperform others in the anti-aging arena: methylene blue – a chemical used in research laboratories across the world. In a recent study published in Scientific Reports, the team showed that applying the molecule to a reconstructed skin model can slow or even reverse several well-known signs of aging, opening the door to new, more effective cosmetic treatments. The team compared the performance of methylene blue against three other popular antioxidants on skin cells collected from healthy young donors, elderly people, and individuals with progeria – a genetic condition that causes accelerated aging..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"One promising way to fight obesity and its complications is to keep fat tissue in the body from expanding But as simple as that sounds, researchers aren’t yet sure where to start While the antioxidant-regulating protein Nrf2 is known to play a role in the development of fat tissue activating or de-activating Nrf2 appears to have the same fat-reducing effect Now, researchers could have a better handle on Nrf2’s role Through genetic and protein analyses, one team has discovered that Nrf2 works in concert with the receptor PDGFRα PDGFRα is critical for the development of certain organs and tissues, including body fat The team found that, in the absence of the adaptor protein Nck1, PDGFRα activation and Nrf2 expression are increased Activating the PDGFRα-Nrf2 pathway in mice impaired bone marrow cells’ ability to turn into fat These findings mirror those obtained by the same team for cells gathered from white fat tissue in mice Though it’s not yet clear how the results will carry o.."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Metabolic syndrome is becoming increasingly common among humans and domestic animals and is thought to be linked to dysfunction in adipose tissue components, including adipose progenitor stem cells (ASCs). The proteins PTP1B and LMPTP have been implicated in the development of metabolic disorders, but their roles in adipogenic differentiation of ASCs and modulation of mitochondrial dynamics in these cells remain unclear. To clarify this issue, a recent study treated ASCs from metabolically impaired horses with PTP1B and LMPTP inhibitors in vitro. Both selective inhibitors enhanced the differentiation of ASCs into adipose cells and increased the expression of PPARγ, a master adipogenesis regulator, while the LMPTP inhibitor increased the expression of adiponectin, which helps protect against metabolic disorders. The compounds also improved antioxidant defense and altered mitochondrial bioenergetics..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Atherosclerosis and vascular injury are leading causes of cardiovascular disease worldwide Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) plays a key role in these diseases by inducing inflammation and oxidative stress Endothelial cells can repair blood vessels damaged by LDL But how endothelial cells mature and take on this task is unclear In a recent study, researchers examined the maturation and antioxidative activity of endothelial cells Molecular biology techniques revealed that the differentiation of endothelial cells was regulated by a microRNA molecule called miR-544 miR-544 inhibited the expression of genes involved in maintaining stem cell pluripotency Promoting endothelial cell maturation and vascular formation Transplanting endothelial cells expressing miR-544 also improved the outcome of oxidative stress injury in mice Although these studies must be further evaluated in humans The results suggest that targeting miR-544 may help with regeneration and repair of blood vessels after vascular injury Impr.."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Cancers are complex diseases largely characterized by rapid cellular proliferation. This can be slowed by regulated cell death mechanisms like ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is triggered by extensive peroxidation of cell membrane phospholipids by reactive oxygen species (ROS), but ferroptosis can be inhibited by enzymes that undo peroxidation like GPX4. Another enzyme, DHODH, supports GPX4 and is vital to the production of pyrimidine nucleotides, critical building blocks for rapidly proliferating cells. In theory, this would make inhibiting DHODH a valuable therapeutic target for cancer by freeing up ferroptosis and hampering proliferation. However, this is complicated by the “Warburg effect,” which is common in some cancer cells. The Warburg effect is a shift away from using mitochondria for energy to other metabolic processes, which has knock-on effects..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.