Survey of Indian civilization from 2500 BC to present-day. Traces major political events as well as economic, social, ecological, and cultural developments. Primary and secondary readings enhance understanding of this unique civilization, and shape and improve understanding in analyzing and interpreting historical data. Examines major thematic debates in Indian history through class discussion.

Students explore the composition and practical application of parallel circuitry, compared to series circuitry. Students design and build parallel circuits and investigate their characteristics, and apply Ohm's law.

Students learn how to find the maximum power point (MPP) of a photovoltaic (PV) panel in order to optimize its efficiency at creating solar power. They also learn about real-world applications and technologies that use this technique, as well as Ohm's law and the power equation, which govern a PV panel's ability to produce power.

Edited for Human Breathing OnlyBy the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe how the structures of the lungs and thoracic cavity control the mechanics of breathingExplain the importance of compliance and resistance in the lungsDiscuss problems that may arise due to a V/Q mismatch

What is the history of popular reading in the Western world? How does widespread access to print relate to distinctions between highbrow and lowbrow culture, between good taste and bad judgment, and between men and women readers? This course will introduce students to the broad history of popular reading and to controversies about taste and gender that have characterized its development. Our grounding in historical material will help make sense of our main focus: recent developments in the theory and practice of reading, including fan-fiction, Oprah’s book club, comics, hypertext, mass-market romance fiction, mega-chain bookstores, and reader response theory.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) are a common treatment for lung cancer, but TKI resistance is widespread. TKI treatment also has serious side effects like hair loss, anemia, and hypothyroidism, meaning it is important to identify which patients will benefit from the treatment. MicroRNAs may be a way to do that. MicroRNAs regulate gene expression by blocking transcription or promoting the breakdown of messenger RNA, and because microRNAs are stable in body fluids, they can be particularly useful as diagnostic or prognostic indicators in many applications. In the context of anti-cancer drugs, microRNAs are frequently directly involved in the cellular response. Profiling their expression could be used to predict the response to anti-cancer drugs like TKIs. The research to date has described numerous microRNAs and their roles in TKI response by lung cancer cells. However, most previous research did not measure microRNAs in serum samples..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Through class discussion and think-pair-share questions, this activity helps students come to understand the difference between emf and potential difference in electrical circuits. These concepts are broached within the context of internal resistance of batteries.

This seminar is a space for collaborative inquiry into the relationships between social movements and the media. We’ll review these relationships through the lens of social movement theory, and function as a workshop to develop student projects. Seminar participants will work together to explore frameworks, methods, and tools for understanding networked social movements in the digital media ecology. We will engage with social movement studies as a body of theoretical and empirical work, and learn about key concepts including: resource mobilization; political process; framing; New Social Movements; collective identity; tactical media; protest cycles; movement structure; and more. We’ll explore methods of social movement investigation, examine new data sources and tools for movement analysis, and grapple with recent innovations in social movement theory and research. Assignments include short blog posts, a book review, co-facilitation of a seminar discussion, and a final research project focused on social movement media practices in comparative perspective.

This seminar is a space for collaborative inquiry into the relationships between social movements and the media. We’ll review these relationships through the lens of social movement theory, and function as a workshop to develop student projects. Seminar participants will work together to explore frameworks, methods, and tools for understanding networked social movements in the digital media ecology. We will engage with social movement studies as a body of theoretical and empirical work, and learn about key concepts including: resource mobilization; political process; framing; New Social Movements; collective identity; tactical media; protest cycles; movement structure; and more. We’ll explore methods of social movement investigation, examine new data sources and tools for movement analysis, and grapple with recent innovations in social movement theory and research. Assignments include short blog posts, a book review, co-facilitation of a seminar discussion, and a final research project focused on social movement media practices in comparative perspective.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary liver cancer. One of the distinguishing features of HCC tumors is their dense network of blood vessels. This makes Angiopoetin-2, a protein that promotes vessel formation in tumors, an attractive target for fighting HCC. In a recent study, researchers discovered a novel route HCC tumors use to release Angiopoetin-2. Test-tube experiments revealed that tumor cells wrapped Angiopoetin-2 in tiny sacs called exosomes. and delivered them to cells derived from human umbilical cord, which boosted blood vessel formation. Gene editing allowed the team to knock out the gene controlling Angiopoetin-2, which, once delivered, significantly reduced the generation of new lifelines from healthy cells. The results point to a new way of disrupting tumor growth. and could lead to new therapies for cancer of the liver and other organs..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Little known about our state’s history is the brave confrontation North Carolina’s Lumbee staged to protest a KKK rally near Maxton, NC on the night of January 18, 1958. In this lesson, students learn about North Carolina’s Lumbee and their heroic resistance to hatred and bigotry on this night, known as “The Battle of Hayes Pond.” Students will explore the night’s events as well as design an active citizenship award to honor the Lumbee for their vigilance in fighting for their rights.

See how the equation form of Ohm's law relates to a simple circuit. Adjust the voltage and resistance, and see the current change according to Ohm's law. The sizes of the symbols in the equation change to match the circuit diagram.

See how the equation form of Ohm's law relates to a simple circuit. Adjust the voltage and resistance, and see the current change according to Ohm's law. The sizes of the symbols in the equation change to match the circuit diagram.

Resistors are in parallel if their terminals are connected to the same two nodes. The equivalent single parallel resistance is smaller than the smallest parallel resistor. Created by Willy McAllister.

Multiple resistors in parallel can be combined into a single equivalent resistor. Created by Willy McAllister.

When two resistors are in parallel, the equivalent resistance is the product of the two resistors divided by their sum. When both resistors are the same value, the equivalent parallel resistance is exactly half of the original resistance. Created by Willy McAllister.

Students are presented with a short lesson on the Coulter principle—an electronic method to detect microscopic particles and determine their concentration in fluid. Depending on the focus of study, students can investigate the industrial and medical applications of particle detection, the physics of fluid flow and electric current through the apparatus, or the chemistry of the electrolytes used in the apparatus.

Students engage in an interactive "hot potato" demonstration to gain an appreciation for the flow of electrons through a circuit. Students role play the different parts of a simple circuit and send small items representing electrons (paper or candy pieces) through the circuit.

Students download the software needed to create Arduino programs and make sure their Arduino microcontrollers work correctly. Then, they connect an LED to the Arduino and type up and upload programs to the Arduino board to 1) make the LED blink on and off and 2) make the LED fade (brighten and then dim). Throughout, students reflect on what they've accomplished by answering questions and modifying the original programs and circuits in order to achieve new outcomes. A design challenge gives students a chance to demonstrate their understanding of actuators and Arduinos; they design a functioning system using an Arduino, at least three actuators and either a buzzer or toy motor. For their designs, students sketch, create and turn in a user's manual for the system (text description, commented program, detailed hardware diagram). Numerous worksheets and handouts are provided.

Course 8.022 is one of several second-term freshman physics courses offered at MIT. It is geared towards students who are looking for a thorough and challenging introduction to electricity and magnetism. Topics covered include: Electric and magnetic field and potential; introduction to special relativity; Maxwell’s equations, in both differential and integral form; and properties of dielectrics and magnetic materials. In addition to the theoretical subject matter, several experiments in electricity and magnetism are performed by the students in the laboratory.
Acknowledgments
Prof. Sciolla would like to acknowledge the contributions of MIT Professors Scott Hughes and Peter Fisher to the development of this course. She would also like to acknowledge that these course materials include contributions from past instructors, textbooks, and other members of the MIT Physics Department affiliated with course 8.022. Since the following works have evolved over a period of many years, no single source can be attributed.