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DRONE DELIVERY OF CBNRECy – DEW WEAPONS Emerging Threats of Mini-Weapons of Mass Destruction and Disruption ( WMDD)
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Short Description:
Drone Delivery of CBNRECy – DEW Weapons: Emerging Threats of Mini-Weapons of Mass Destruction and Disruption (WMDD) is our sixth textbook in a series covering the world of UASs and UUVs. Our textbook takes on a whole new purview for UAS / CUAS/ UUV (drones) – how they can be used to deploy Weapons of Mass Destruction and Deception against CBRNE and civilian targets of opportunity. We are concerned with the future use of these inexpensive devices and their availability to maleficent actors. Our work suggests that UASs in air and underwater UUVs will be the future of military and civilian terrorist operations. UAS / UUVs can deliver a huge punch for a low investment and minimize human casualties.

Long Description:
Drone Delivery of CBNRECy – DEW Weapons: Emerging Threats of Mini-Weapons of Mass Destruction and Disruption (WMDD) is our sixth textbook in a series covering the world of UASs & UUVs. Our textbook takes on a whole new purview for UAS / CUAS/ UUV (drones) – how they can be used to deploy Weapons of Mass Destruction and Deception against CBRNE and civilian targets of opportunity. We are concerned with the future use of these inexpensive devices and their availability to maleficent actors. Our work suggests that UASs in air and underwater UUVs will be the future of military and civilian terrorist operations. UAS / UUVs can deliver a huge punch for a low investment and minimize human casualties.

Repeating, we are concerned with the future use of these inexpensive devices and their availability to maleficent actors. As I write this description, we are on the 56th day of the savage invasion of Ukraine by Russia under President Putin. The Russian drone fleet numbers are above 500. They have had five years to grow their fleet. Russia currently uses them for domestic security, Syrian operations, and defense. (Facon, 2016) In the conflict, Russian troops seriously outnumber Ukrainian forces. However, on February 8, 2022, a Forbes report stated that Ukraine used 20 Turkish TB-2 drones to hit Russian targets and offset some of Russia’s enormous military advantages. (Malsin, 2022) According to Fox News, on February 27, 2022, President Putin ordered nuclear deterrent forces status raised to “special combat readiness” (Colton, 2022)

News like this in just one conflict suggests that UASs in air and underwater UUVs will be the future of military and civilian terrorist operations. UAS / UUVs can deliver a huge punch for a low investment and minimize human casualties. Our team believes that China is watching both the United States’ Neville Chamberlain appeasement strategy and the aggressive nature of Russia in its full-scale invasion of its neighbor. This portends that Taiwan is the next meal on the global plate. Unfortunately, two other state actors have season tickets: Iran and North Korea. Iran’s drone fleet is impressive and has caused other Gulf states’ inventories to escalate (UAE, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Israel) (Barrie, 2021). North Korea (NK) lies about its air power. However, one report states that NK will have drones with stealth capability. (Choi, 2021) Maybe. According to Datablog, the US has the most drones and is best equipped for warfare. China, of course, might dispute these statistics. (DATABLOG, 2012) However, carrying a big stick doesn’t count anymore in the UAS’s future military play without the will to use it.

Our Wildcat team is composed of some impressive SMEs. We divided the work into four sections. Section 1 covers Chemical, Biological, Radiation, Nuclear, Explosive (CBRNE) weapons and payloads delivered by unmanned vehicles. Here we look at the technologies and damage delivered by drones as mini weapons of mass destruction and disruption. Chapter 7 concentrates on Deception and how drones can be used in PSYOPS and INFOWAR. Section 2 concentrates on Directed Energy Weapons (DEW), projectiles payloads, satellite killers, port disrupters, and cyberweapons against CBRN assets. Section 3 looks at policy considerations, risk assessments of threats and vulnerabilities of drone-based WMDD / DEW, practical crime scene investigations for hot zones, and unique challenges of responding to bioterrorism and chemical threats and attacks delivered by drones. Our final Section 4 concludes with social networking implications and DRONESEC security and tracking tools of the trade.

Over two years of solid research by a team of eleven SMEs is incorporated into our book. We trust you will enjoy reading it as much as we have in its writing. There are nightmares aplenty.

Word Count: 150837

ISBN: 978-1-944548-44-5

(Note: This resource's metadata has been created automatically by reformatting and/or combining the information that the author initially provided as part of a bulk import process.)

Subject:
Applied Science
Chemistry
Engineering
Physical Science
Material Type:
Textbook
Provider:
New Prairie Press
Date Added:
01/26/2024
Daily Science Vocabulary Review with the Smart Board
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CC BY-NC-SA
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An elementary review activity for chemistry vocabulary, tools, and concepts used with the classroom science curriculum.

Subject:
Chemistry
Physical Science
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Lesson Plan
Simulation
Provider:
Science Education Resource Center (SERC) at Carleton College
Provider Set:
Pedagogy in Action
Author:
Kathy Leary
Date Added:
10/04/2011
Daisyworld: Interactive On-line PC and Mac
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CC BY-NC-SA
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Students use a JAVA interface design by R.M. MacKay to explore the Daisy World model. The JAVA interface comes with a link to a 6-page student activity page in PDF format.

(Note: this resource was added to OER Commons as part of a batch upload of over 2,200 records. If you notice an issue with the quality of the metadata, please let us know by using the 'report' button and we will flag it for consideration.)

Subject:
Applied Science
Biology
Chemistry
Environmental Science
Life Science
Mathematics
Physical Science
Statistics and Probability
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Provider:
Science Education Resource Center (SERC) at Carleton College
Provider Set:
Teach the Earth
Author:
Bob Mackay
Mike Clark
Date Added:
09/29/2022
The Dam Challenge
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Educational Use
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In this interactive activity from the Building Big Web site, investigate dams in distress and decide if they should be repaired, removed, or left alone.

Subject:
Applied Science
Chemistry
Engineering
Physical Science
Physics
Technology
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Interactive
Provider:
PBS LearningMedia
Provider Set:
PBS Learning Media: Multimedia Resources for the Classroom and Professional Development
Author:
National Science Foundation
WGBH Educational Foundation
Date Added:
01/22/2004
Deciphering complex fluid-mineral interactions in the palm of your hand
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CC BY-NC-SA
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Copper is an element that is essential to our technology and to our standard of living. Commonly, the copper is extracted from a variety of copper-bearing minerals that occur in veins. These fossilized fluid pathways record a complex set of geologic processes with non-linear couplings that are the products of hydrothermal activity associated with igneous intrusions (e.g. heat transport, mechanical fracture, mineral precipitation, permeability changes). By carefully examining a rock slab and its mineralogy, one can decipher the series of interrelated processes and their resultant impact on the final product.

Students set about to determine the relative age of veins by visual examination of the rock slab provided. Several generations of veins are recorded by different colors representing different minerals. Using cross-cutting relationships, they list the veins from oldest to youngest. Based on their color, they determine the sequence of minerals that fill veins. This provides an opportunity to review why color can be used to identify some minerals but not others. Once minerals are identified, their ideal chemical formula allows the percent copper in the mineral to be determined as well as the additional elements that must be present to form the mineral. The consequent change in mineral chemistry can be linked to the alterations in fluids flowing through the fractures by analysis of fluid-mineral equilibria on activity-activity (a-a) diagrams. For the more advanced classes, relevant thermodynamic data can be provided and students can write hydrolysis reactions and calculate the (a-a) diagram themselves.

Interpretation of the geologic history begins with the matrix and initial conditions and follows through rock fracture, fluid flow, mineral precipitation, evolving fluid composition, fracture sealing, pore-fluid pressure buildup, fracture, precipitation, etc. in a series of feedbacks. A feedback diagram can be provided and used as a base-map for interpretation not only of the sequence but changes to each reservoir, or students can be asked to draw the series of events and their reservoirs with the mechanisms of change. In the end, students understand the complex series of geologic processes that must come together in space and time to produce an ore-deposit that can be mined for our use. They also wrestle with the complications of reading the rock record and with the ambiguity of interpreting the interaction of various mechanisms that control the final product.

(Note: this resource was added to OER Commons as part of a batch upload of over 2,200 records. If you notice an issue with the quality of the metadata, please let us know by using the 'report' button and we will flag it for consideration.)

Subject:
Biology
Chemistry
Geology
Life Science
Physical Science
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Provider:
Science Education Resource Center (SERC) at Carleton College
Provider Set:
Teach the Earth
Author:
Barb Dutrow
Date Added:
08/13/2019
Deep water circulation and chemistry jigsaw
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CC BY-NC-SA
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This activity is designed to introduce students to the way in which thermohaline circulation and the biological pump influence the distribution of nutrients, oxygen, carbon, and radiocarbon in the Atlantic vs. Pacific Oceans.

(Note: this resource was added to OER Commons as part of a batch upload of over 2,200 records. If you notice an issue with the quality of the metadata, please let us know by using the 'report' button and we will flag it for consideration.)

Subject:
Applied Science
Biology
Chemistry
Environmental Science
Life Science
Oceanography
Physical Science
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Provider:
Science Education Resource Center (SERC) at Carleton College
Provider Set:
Teach the Earth
Author:
Michele LaVigne
Date Added:
08/29/2019
Default Virtual Lab Stockroom
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CC BY-NC-ND
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The Virtual Lab is an online simulation of a chemistry lab. It is designed to help students link chemical computations with authentic laboratory chemistry. The lab allows students to select from hundreds of standard reagents (aqueous) and manipulate them in a manner resembling a real lab.

Simulations:

• Default Virtual Lab Stockroom
• Stoichiometry
• Glucose Dilution Problem
• Acid Dilution Problem
• Cola and Sucrose Concentration Problem
• Making Stock Solutions from Solids
• Identifying the Unknown Metal (Metals Density Problem)
• Identifying an Unknown Liquid from its Density
• Alcohol Density Problem
• Gravimetric Determination of Arsenic
• Determining Stoichiometric Coefficients
• Stoichiometry and Solution Preparation Problem
• Textbook Style Limiting Reagents Problems
• Textbook Style Limiting Reagents Problem II
• Predicting DNA Concentration
• Unknown Concentration of DNA Solution Problem
• Thermochemistry
• Camping Problem I
• Camping Problem II
• ATP Reaction (Thermochemistry and Bonding)
• Determining the Heat of Reaction in Aqueous Solution
• Coffee Problem
• Measuring the heat capacity of an engine coolant
• Measuring the heat capacity of an engine coolant II (Advanced version)
• Camping Problem III
• Heats of Reaction - Hess' Law
• Equilibrium
• Cobalt Chloride and LeChatlier’s Principle
• DNA Binding Problem
• Acid-Base Chemistry
• Strong Acid and Base Problems
• Determination of the pH Scale by the Method of Successive Dilutions
• Weak Acid and Base Problems
• Determining the pKa and Concentration Ratio of a Protein in Solution
• Unknown Acid and Base Problem
• Creating a Buffer Solution
• DNA - Dye Binding: Equilibrium and Buffer Solutions
• Determining the pKa and Concentration Ratio of a Protein in Solution
• Standardization of NaOH with a KHP solution: Acid Base Titration
• Solubility
• Determining the Solubility Product
• Temperature and the Solubility of Salts
• Determining the solubility of copper chloride at different temperatures
• Oxidation/Reduction and Electrochemistry
• Exploring Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
• Analytical Chemistry/Lab Techniques
• Standardization of NaOH with a KHP solution: Acid Base Titration
• Unknown Silver Chloride

Subject:
Chemistry
Physical Science
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Provider:
Carnegie Mellon University
Provider Set:
The ChemCollective
Author:
Chemcollective
Date Added:
05/03/2022
Defy Gravity! Balancing Balls on Air
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Educational Use
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In this video segment adapted from ZOOM, cast members use a hair dryer to balance a ball in a stream of air, seemingly defying gravity.

Subject:
Chemistry
Physical Science
Physics
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Provider:
PBS LearningMedia
Provider Set:
PBS Learning Media: Multimedia Resources for the Classroom and Professional Development
Author:
National Science Foundation
WGBH Educational Foundation
Date Added:
01/22/2004
Defy Gravity! Upside Down Ping Pong Ball
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Educational Use
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In this video segment, the ZOOM cast is challenged to keep a ping pong ball in a funnel while the funnel is held upside down, seemingly defying gravity.

Subject:
Chemistry
Physical Science
Physics
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Provider:
PBS LearningMedia
Provider Set:
PBS Learning Media: Multimedia Resources for the Classroom and Professional Development
Author:
National Science Foundation
WGBH Educational Foundation
Date Added:
01/22/2004
Dengue Virus Invades a Cell
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Educational Use
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In this visualization adapted from the University of Massachusetts Medical School, discover the role that dengue viral proteins play in a human cell as the virus prepares to replicate.

Subject:
Chemistry
Functions
Life Science
Mathematics
Physical Science
Material Type:
Lecture
Provider:
PBS LearningMedia
Provider Set:
PBS Learning Media: Multimedia Resources for the Classroom and Professional Development
Author:
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
UMASS Medical School
WGBH Educational Foundation
Date Added:
04/28/2008
Density Column Lab - Part 2
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Concluding a two-part lab activity, students use triple balance beams and graduated cylinders to take measurements and calculate densities of several household liquids and compare them to the densities of irregularly shaped objects (as determined in Part 1). Then they create density columns with the three liquids and four solid items to test their calculations and predictions of the different densities. Once their density columns are complete, students determine the effect of adding detergent to the columns. After this activity, present the associated Density & Miscibility lesson for a discussion about why the column layers do not mix.

Subject:
Applied Science
Chemistry
Engineering
Geoscience
Life Science
Mathematics
Physical Science
Physics
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Provider:
TeachEngineering
Provider Set:
TeachEngineering
Author:
Barry Williams
Jessica Ray
Phyllis Balcerzak
Date Added:
09/18/2014
Density Inquiry Lab
Unrestricted Use
CC BY
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This describes a lab that can be used in Middle School (Grades 6 - 8) for helping students to grasp the concept of density.  

Subject:
Chemistry
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Author:
Robert Ellington
Date Added:
09/23/2020
Density & Miscibility
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Educational Use
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After students conduct the two associated activities, Density Column Lab - Parts 1 and 2, present this lesson to provide them with an understanding of why the density column's oil, water and syrup layers do not mix and how the concepts of density and miscibility relate to water chemistry and remediation. Topics covered include miscibility, immiscibility, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic and hydrophilic. Through the density column lab activities, students see liquids and solids of different densities interact without an understanding of why the resulting layers do not mix. This lesson gives students insight on some of the most fundamental chemical properties of water and how it interacts with different molecules.

Subject:
Applied Science
Chemistry
Engineering
Physical Science
Material Type:
Lesson Plan
Provider:
TeachEngineering
Provider Set:
TeachEngineering
Author:
Barry Williams
Jessica Ray
Phyllis Balcerzak
Date Added:
09/18/2014
Density: Sea Water Mixing and Sinking
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These two hands-on labs are about the role of temperature and salinity in governing the density of seawater, a major factor controlling the ocean's vertical movements and layered circulation. In the first activity students work in groups to determine the density of tap water and of tap water with salt, then compare the densities. The second activity investigates the role of temperature and salinity in determining seawater density. Students use a Temperature-Salinity (T-S) Diagram to examine the effect of mixing on density. A list of key concepts, essential questions, common preconceptions and more is included. These are part of the Aquarius Hands-on Laboratory Activities.

Subject:
Chemistry
Geoscience
Oceanography
Physical Science
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Lesson Plan
Provider:
NASA
Provider Set:
NASA Wavelength
Date Added:
11/05/2014
Density and Buoyancy: Making Eggs Float
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Educational Use
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Why does an egg float in salt water? Learn about density and buoyancy in this video segment adapted from ZOOM.

Subject:
Chemistry
Physical Science
Physics
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Provider:
PBS LearningMedia
Provider Set:
PBS Learning Media: Multimedia Resources for the Classroom and Professional Development
Author:
National Science Foundation
WGBH Educational Foundation
Date Added:
01/22/2004
Density and Buoyancy: Mixing Hot and Cold Water
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Educational Use
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Watch warm water float on top of cold water in this video segment adapted from ZOOM.

Subject:
Chemistry
Physical Science
Physics
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Provider:
PBS LearningMedia
Provider Set:
PBS Learning Media: Multimedia Resources for the Classroom and Professional Development
Author:
National Science Foundation
WGBH Educational Foundation
Date Added:
01/22/2004
Density and Buoyancy: Pouring Air into Water
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Educational Use
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This video segment adapted from ZOOM offers a clever demonstration of buoyancy by showing how to pour a cup of air into a cup filled with water.

Subject:
Chemistry
Physical Science
Physics
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Provider:
PBS LearningMedia
Provider Set:
PBS Learning Media: Multimedia Resources for the Classroom and Professional Development
Author:
National Science Foundation
WGBH Educational Foundation
Date Added:
01/22/2004
Density and Buoyancy: Testing Liquids
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Educational Use
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Will a grape float in oil? Will a metal nut sink in corn syrup? Watch as the ZOOM cast tests the buoyancy of a variety of liquids and objects.

Subject:
Chemistry
Physical Science
Physics
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Provider:
PBS LearningMedia
Provider Set:
PBS Learning Media: Multimedia Resources for the Classroom and Professional Development
Author:
National Science Foundation
WGBH Educational Foundation
Date Added:
01/22/2004
Density of Earth's Layers
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In this activity, students measure the densities of samples of granite, basalt, peridotite/dunite, and an iron meteorite, which are used as representatives of the various layers of the Earth (crust, mantle, core). The samples are weighed to determine their mass, and the Archimedes Principle is used to determine volume. From these two properties, they calculate density, compare it to accepted values presented in the discussion, and answer questions about their observations.

Subject:
Astronomy
Chemistry
Geology
Geoscience
Physical Science
Physics
Space Science
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Interactive
Provider:
UCAR Staff
Provider Set:
New York State Earth Science Instructional Collection
Author:
Eryn Klosko
Date Added:
11/06/2014
Density of Solid Objects
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CC BY-NC-SA
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This activity is a classroom experiment where students make observations, state hypothesis and carry out an investigation to draw conclusions.

Subject:
Chemistry
Physical Science
Physics
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Assessment
Lesson Plan
Provider:
Science Education Resource Center (SERC) at Carleton College
Provider Set:
Pedagogy in Action
Author:
John Ombasa
Date Added:
12/09/2011