By the end of this section, you will be able to:Define “energy”Explain the difference between kinetic and potential energyDiscuss the concepts of free energy and activation energyDescribe endergonic and exergonic reactions

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Define “energy”Explain the difference between kinetic and potential energyDiscuss the concepts of free energy and activation energyDescribe endergonic and exergonic reactions

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Discuss the concept of entropyExplain the first and second laws of thermodynamics

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Discuss the concept of entropyExplain the first and second laws of thermodynamics

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Explain the relevance of photosynthesis to other living thingsDescribe the main structures involved in photosynthesisIdentify the substrates and products of photosynthesisSummarize the process of photosynthesis

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Explain the relevance of photosynthesis to other living thingsDescribe the main structures involved in photosynthesisIdentify the substrates and products of photosynthesisSummarize the process of photosynthesis

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Explain how plants absorb energy from sunlightDescribe short and long wavelengths of lightDescribe how and where photosynthesis takes place within a plant

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Explain how plants absorb energy from sunlightDescribe short and long wavelengths of lightDescribe how and where photosynthesis takes place within a plant

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the Calvin cycleDefine carbon fixationExplain how photosynthesis works in the energy cycle of all living organisms

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the Calvin cycleDefine carbon fixationExplain how photosynthesis works in the energy cycle of all living organisms

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Understand how electrochemical gradients affect ionsDistinguish between primary active transport and secondary active transport

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe endocytosis, including phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosisUnderstand the process of exocytosis

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Understand the fluid mosaic model of cell membranesDescribe the functions of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates in membranesDiscuss membrane fluidity

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Explain why and how passive transport occursUnderstand the processes of osmosis and diffusionDefine tonicity and describe its relevance to passive transport

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Discuss the role of carbohydrates in cells and in the extracellular materials of animals and plantsExplain the classifications of carbohydratesList common monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Discuss the role of carbohydrates in cells and in the extracellular materials of animals and plantsExplain the classifications of carbohydratesList common monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides