Word Count: 143694

ISBN: 9781734914108

(Note: This resource's metadata has been created automatically by reformatting and/or combining the information that the author initially provided as part of a bulk import process.)

Word Count: 161926

ISBN: 9781734914122

(Note: This resource's metadata has been created automatically by reformatting and/or combining the information that the author initially provided as part of a bulk import process.)

From the American Museum of Natural History in NYC, this site covers the fascinating areas of archaeology, astronomy, marine biology, biodiversity, genetics and paleontology.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Chronic migraine is defined as 15 or more headache-days per month for more than 3 months within the previous 12 months, with at least 8 migraine-days per month. Chronic migraine usually evolves from episodic migraine, with peripheral and central sensitization in the trigeminovascular system contributing to the pathophysiology. The first-line treatment of chronic migraine is pharmacological. Acute medications treat migraine symptoms, and preventative therapies help reduce the frequency, severity, and duration of migraine attacks. Unfortunately, several of these medications show inadequate efficacy, tolerability, and adherence to treatment. This has led to the development of novel therapies such as onabotulinumtoxinA, a preventative option formulated from botulinum toxin type A. In the peripheral neuron, onabotulinumtoxinA targets SNAP-25, an essential protein of the SNARE complex. This complex mediates the release of neurotransmitters associated with the genesis of pain from vesicles in neurons..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"A recently completed clinical trial of the oral drug eliglustat has delivered promising long-term results for adults with Gaucher disease type 1 – a rare and sometimes life-threatening genetic disorder that interferes with the breakdown of certain types of lipids. GD1 is caused by deficient activity of the lysosomal enzyme acid β-glucosidase. Reduced catalytic activity of the enzyme results in pathogenic accumulation of the enzyme’s substrates, primarily glucosylceramide, in various organs. The result is progressive and debilitating enlargement of the spleen and liver, anemia, low platelet counts, and skeletal manifestations. The historical standard of care is biweekly intravenous infusions of recombinant enzyme, which boosts degradation of glucosylceramide. By contrast, eliglustat, an oral substrate reduction therapy, reduces glucosylceramide storage by slowing its production..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Designed to treat acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, or ALL, pegaspargase is an important and effective treatment option for both paediatric and adult patients. Pegaspargase is a modified form of the anti-ALL enzyme therapy L -asparaginase, derived mainly from E. coli . Unlike the native enzyme, pegaspargase is conjugated with polyethylene glycol , or pegylated—which offers various advantages, such as providing pegaspargase with a prolonged circulation time, allowing for less frequent administration - every two weeks. And it may reduce immunogenicity compared with native (or non-pegylated) L-asparaginase. Extensive evidence shows that, in adults and children newly diagnosed with ALL, intramuscular or intravenous administration of pegaspargase is an effective first-line treatment as part of a multi-agent chemotherapy regimen. It is also beneficial in patients with relapsed ALL who have hypersensitivity to E. coli L-asparaginase..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Pharmacology Notes: Nursing Implications for Clinical Practice is intended to organize pharmacological information in a meaningful manner that draws from prior learning (i.e. anatomy & physiology and pathophysiology), in order to reveal and reinforce relevant nursing implications. These notes utilize the framework, A-T-A-T, to assist in understanding nursing implications related to medication administration.

This course is an introduction to basic pharmacology.  You will learn about classifications, indications, contraindications, desired effects, and side effects of medications used during diagnostic procedures and the prevention and treatment of common illnesses.  Upon completion of the course, the you should be able to relate basic pharmacological concepts to the maintenance of health.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Depression is a global public health issue—one battled not only at home and in the clinic, but also in the workplace. In the United States alone, major depressive disorder is associated with an annual loss of 225 million workdays and more than $36 billion. While treatment should be designed to relieve depression symptoms, it should also help patients recover their social functioning, which includes their capacity to perform at work. Unfortunately, little information exists on how treatment duration or discontinuation affects impaired work functioning in people with depression. Now, a large-scale analysis of workers in Japan is helping researchers understand that relationship. The findings urge close collaboration between occupational health practitioners and psychiatrists in treating patients with impaired work functioning. Researchers surveyed more than 33,000 workers from 13 companies in Japan, all of them in manufacturing—an industry linked to a high overall occupational health risk..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

The Journal of Physiology and British Journal of Pharmacology jointly published an editorial series in 2011 to improve standards in statistical reporting and data analysis. It is not known whether reporting practices changed in response to the editorial advice. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of reporting practices in a random sample of research papers published in these journals before (n = 202) and after (n = 199) publication of the editorial advice. Descriptive data are presented. There was no evidence that reporting practices improved following publication of the editorial advice. Overall, 76-84% of papers with written measures that summarized data variability used standard errors of the mean, and 90-96% of papers did not report exact p-values for primary analyses and post-hoc tests. 76-84% of papers that plotted measures to summarize data variability used standard errors of the mean, and only 2-4% of papers plotted raw data used to calculate variability. Of papers that reported p-values between 0.05 and 0.1, 56-63% interpreted these as trends or statistically significant. Implied or gross spin was noted incidentally in papers before (n = 10) and after (n = 9) the editorial advice was published. Overall, poor statistical reporting, inadequate data presentation and spin were present before and after the editorial advice was published. While the scientific community continues to implement strategies for improving reporting practices, our results indicate stronger incentives or enforcements are needed.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Hypoglycemia, or low blood glucose, is an important risk factor for people with type 2 diabetes receiving blood glucose-lowering therapies, such as insulin. It can lead to symptoms that interfere with activities of daily living and can sometimes (though rarely) result in debilitating events, including loss of consciousness. Basal insulins are designed to help maintain stable blood glucose levels throughout the day. Data from randomized clinical trials show that newer, second-generation basal insulin analogs (such as insulin glargine 300 units per mL and insulin degludec) have lower hypoglycemia risk than first- generation basal insulin analogs (such as insulin glargine 100 units per mL and insulin detemir), while providing comparable glycemic control. However, these randomized controlled trials may not truly reflect clinical practice, as they applied strict inclusion and exclusion criteria and were conducted under strict oversight dictated by very specific protocols..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

The object of the course is to teach students an approach to the study of pharmacologic agents. It is not intended to be a review of the pharmacopoeia. The focus is on the basic principles of biophysics, biochemistry and physiology, as related to the mechanisms of drug action, biodistribution and metabolism. The course consists of lectures and student-led case discussions. Topics covered include: mechanisms of drug action, dose-response relations, pharmacokinetics, drug delivery systems, drug metabolism, toxicity of pharmacological agents, drug interaction and substance abuse. Selected agents and classes of agents are examined in detail.

Psychopharmacology is the study of how drugs affect behavior. If a drug changes your perception, or the way you feel or think, the drug exerts effects on your brain and nervous system. We call drugs that change the way you think or feel psychoactive or psychotropic drugs, and almost everyone has used a psychoactive drug at some point (yes, caffeine counts). Understanding some of the basics about psychopharmacology can help us better understand a wide range of things that interest psychologists and others. For example, the pharmacological treatment of certain neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease tells us something about the disease itself. The pharmacological treatments used to treat psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia or depression have undergone amazing development since the 1950s, and the drugs used to treat these disorders tell us something about what is happening in the brain of individuals with these conditions. Finally, understanding something about the actions of drugs of abuse and their routes of administration can help us understand why some psychoactive drugs are so addictive. In this module, we will provide an overview of some of these topics as well as discuss some current controversial areas in the field of psychopharmacology.

Short Description:
This book includes tutorials created for 2nd- 3rd year Pharm. D. students. It includes a review of thorough PubMed MeSH and keyword search techniques and an introduction to EMBASE searching with EMTREE.

Word Count: 7471

(Note: This resource's metadata has been created automatically by reformatting and/or combining the information that the author initially provided as part of a bulk import process.)

This casebook, now in its second edition, is a collaboration of over 90 individuals with expertise and training in public health pharmacy. A total of 54 chapters are presented, covering a broad array of topics relevant to pharmacy applications of public health. These topics include, but are not limited to, cross-cultural care, health literacy and disparities, infectious disease, health promotion and disease prevention, medication safety, structural racism, advocacy/policy analysis, chronic disease, women’s health, rural health, travel medicine and more. The book is designed to allow educators/students to choose chapters of interest as they feel suited, as each chapter is independent from the others. Each chapter contains learning objectives and an introduction to the topic, followed by a case and questions. The chapter closes with commentary from the authors and patient-oriented considerations for the topic at hand.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"herapeutic monoclonal antibodies bind proteins on tumors, which can enable the killing of cancer cells. However, there can be collateral damage to healthy tissues that also express those proteins. At CytomX , researchers are exploring the use of a new class of antibodies called Probody™ therapeutics. Masks attached to the ends of a Probody therapeutic can “blindfold” the antibody and reduce its binding to healthy tissues. However, when the antibody encounters a tumor, proteases —enzymes in the tumor microenvironment—can remove these masks to activate the antibody. In this way, Probody therapeutics are designed to maximize anti-cancer activity while minimizing harm to healthy tissue. In a new study, researchers used computer modeling to predict how Probody therapeutics can be tuned to achieve this effect. This model, comprising thousands of equations, estimates the amount of both masked and unmasked (or activated) forms of the antibody in the tumor and in the rest of the body after dosing..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome, known as aHUS,is a rare type of thrombotic microangiopathy, or TMA. aHUS is characterized by thrombocytopaenia; microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia; and damage to end organs, particularly the kidneys. The disease is caused by dysregulation of the complement system resulting in overactivation of the terminal complement pathway. This leads to endothelial cell damage and platelet activation, causing thrombosis in micro blood vessels. Encounter of red blood cells with thrombi leads to their mechanical fragmentation. The disease can thus be treated with complement C5 inhibition. Eculizumab, a complement protein C5–inhibiting antibody, was the first approved treatment for aHUS. Although it’s effective, it must be infused intravenously every two to three weeks. This high frequency of administration may be inconvenient for patients, while also increasing the infusion burden and the risk of infusion-related reactions..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Nearly 12% of adults in China have type-2 diabetes, and fewer than half of them have it well-managed. That makes them good candidates for insulin therapy, especially a type known as basal insulin, which uses long- or intermediate-acting insulin to keep blood sugar levels stable throughout the day. But it hasn’t been clear how useful that treatment is under real-world conditions. Now, a recently completed observational trial in China finds that the therapy successfully lowers blood sugar, although dosing challenges remain. Researchers recruited nearly 20,000 patients from across China who had been on oral diabetes medications, and were willing to try basal insulin to better control their disease. Because the team wanted to see how well the therapy could work in a realistic setting, each patient worked with his or her own doctor to come up with a personalized plan. Participants were then followed-up at three and six months..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.