This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The next time you swat away that fly buzzing around your head, consider this: an international team of researchers has shown that common houseflies and blowflies are more than just annoying insects. Covered with hundreds of different bacterial species, they’re also a type of airborne delivery service, transporting pathogens from organic decaying matter right to your countertops, food…and body. Although flies have been long known to spread disease, the researchers show that we’ve previously underestimated both the number and diversity of microbes that each insect can transmit. The team devised a new optimized way to collect flies without cross-contaminating them with other microorganisms and used the method to amass 116 flies from urban, rural, and natural sites on three continents..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Critically ill COVID-19 patients under invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) are at greatly increased risk of death compared to the general population. While some drivers of COVID-19 disease progression, such as inflammation and hypercoagulability, have been identified, they do not completely explain the mortality of critically ill COVID-19 patients, making a search for overlooked factors necessary. A recent study examined the virome of tracheal aspirates from 25 COVID-19 patients under IMV. These samples were compared to tracheal aspirates from non-COVID patients and nasopharyngeal swabs from individuals with mild COVID-19. Critically ill COVID-19 patients had elevated expression of human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K), and elevated HERV-K expression in tracheal aspirate and plasma was associated with early mortality in those same patients. Among deceased patients, HERV-K expression was associated with IL-17-related inflammation, monocyte activation, and increased consumption of clotting factors..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

In this lesson, students will be asked to determine what is wrong with a patient that is displaying symptoms of rabies.  Then the students will be asked what causes sickness in animals.  Then they will research the causes of illness and disease in animals with the Go Get It e-Moment.  A discussion about how to prevent illness and disease will lead to an understanding of biosecurity.  The students will then use what they have learned to complete a health plan for an animal in their lives.NE.AFNR.HS.28.5.a or NE.AFNR.HS.29.3.b

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"An effective, tightly regulated immune response is critical for patients to recover from viral infections like COVID-19. Understanding immune regulation can allow researchers to develop better therapeutics and management techniques for patients. One class of factors involved with immune regulation are soluble immune mediators, which play roles in the dynamic interactions between ligands and membrane-bound receptors. Normally, soluble immune mediators help maintain and restore health after pathological events, but sometimes their dysregulation causes pathology instead. SARS-CoV-2 infection impacts many of these soluble immune mediators and, through them, many physiological processes. Thus, dysregulated shifts in the concentration of some of these molecules could be playing a significant role in COVID-19 severity and mortality..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Try your hand at this immunology crossword puzzle that uses vocabulary from CELLS alive! If you have trouble, use the "Search this Site" engine in the lefthand menu. Good Luck!

In many epidemiological studies, it is not possible to include every individual in a population. Rather, a sample of individuals is collected. This may be take the form of a survey, a cross-sectional study, a randomised controlled trial, and so on. The important issue is that not every individual in the source population is included, which means that random, or sampling, error and biases may be introduced. These affect our ability to extrapolate our results (whether descriptive or analytic in nature) to the source population. However, the aim of most studies is to draw some conclusion about the source population, using the results obtained from the sample. This requires the use of statistical methodology in a process known as inferential statistical analysis, and is commonly used in epidemiological investigations.

This presentation provides an introduction to diarrheal diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites and other disease causing agents or pathogens. Furthermore, we’ll look at the range of syndromes associated with diarrhea and uncover two significant pathogens: rotavirus and vibrio cholera. Finally, we’ll delve into methods for managing diarrheal diseases and the significance of sanitation in preventing diarrheal diseases.

This course introduces students to the basic concepts, trends, perspectives and interconnections of global society. Through readings, discussions, videos, webcasts and other activities, students examine the interdependence of people around the world and global issues that affect these relationships. It will provide an overview of the history and theoretical approaches that have created a global society through topics such as global politics, human rights, the natural environment, population, disease, gender, information technology, war and peace. This is a required course for the Global Studies Emphasis.

In this video segment from Greater Boston, learn about conflicting theories regarding the cause of autism.

Students learn about complex networks and how to use graphs to represent them. They also learn that graph theory is a useful part of mathematics for studying complex networks in diverse applications of science and engineering, including neural networks in the brain, biochemical reaction networks in cells, communication networks, such as the internet, and social networks. Students are also introduced to random processes on networks. An illustrative example shows how a random process can be used to represent the spread of an infectious disease, such as the flu, on a social network of students, and demonstrates how scientists and engineers use mathematics and computers to model and simulate random processes on complex networks for the purposes of learning more about our world and creating solutions to improve our health, happiness and safety.

New understanding of human genetics will not only make it easier to diagnose diseases, it will also change how diseases are treated. Scientists and drug companies are using knowledge from the Human Genome Project to find cures for everything from cancer to obesity (see chapter 1: Mapping the Human Genome). This new medicine is called "genomic" medicine. Medicine is changing at a rapid rate as a result of the new knowledge of the human genome. It is important for students to know how drugs and treatments are changing and will continue to change.

This illustration was prepared using whimsical app and it describes the cause, effects and control measures of Minamata disease.

In this activity, learners explore the "nuts and bolts" of gene chips. Learners construct a simple model of a DNA microarray (also known as gene chips) and learn how microarrays can be used to identify and treat disease--including cancer. This resource includes references and an explanation of microarrays.

This course presents a challenging multi-dimensional perspective on the causes of human disease and mortality. The course focuses on analyses of major causes of mortality in the US since 1900: cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, and infectious diseases. Students create analytical models to derive estimates for historically variant population risk factors and physiological rate parameters, and conduct analyses of familial data to separately estimate inherited and environmental risks. The course evaluates the basic population genetics of dominant, recessive and non-deleterious inherited risk factors.

A very common aim of epidemiological investigation is to estimate the frequency of disease in a population. This is of particular importance in the case of surveillance and disease monitoring systems, and is commonly the central aim of many descriptive studies. There are two main measures of disease frequency used by epidemiologists - the prevalence and the incidence of disease, which each measure different aspects of disease. The survival time, which is closely associated with the incidence, is another measure commonly used. Counts of disease are not commonly used in epidemiological studies, although they can be useful when deciding upon resource requirements when implementing disease control strategies.

This module was designed to meet the growing need for an applied course in the measurement of a variety of health indicators and outcomes. Whether you manage a health programme, a health facility, or simply have to interpret health data in the course of your work, this module sets out to increase your capacity to deal with health and disease information. It aims to assist you in applying epidemiological knowledge and skills to a variety of Public Health problems such as:Is your DOTS programme succeeding?What does it mean if a TB prevalence is 850/100 000?Is this a Public Health problem or not?What is the Ňburden of diseaseÓ in different communities?

This module was developed at the School of Public Health, University for the Western Cape for the Postgraduate Certificate in Public Health which was offered as a distance learning module between 2001 and 2008. It was designed to meet the growing need for an applied course in the measurement of a variety of health indicators and outcomes. Whether you manage a health programme, a health facility, or simply have to interpret health data in the course of your work, this module sets out to increase your capacity to deal with health and disease information. It aims to assist you in applying epidemiological knowledge and skills to a variety of Public Health problems such as: Is your DOTS programme succeeding? What does it mean if a TB prevalence is 850/100 000? Is this a Public Health problem or not? What is the burden of disease in different communities?

This is an interactive learning adventure for middle school students and has accompanying classroom activities and magazines. In this challenge, students will perform experiments to identify the germ responsible for a fungal disease. Students will follow rules or postulates worked out by Dr. Koch in the late 1800s for establishing whether a specific germ causes a particular infectious disease: 1. The suspected pathogen must be present in every case of the disease; 2. The suspected pathogen must be isolated from the host and grown in pure culture; 3. The disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the suspected pathogen is inoculated into a healthy susceptible host; 4. The same pathogen must be recovered from the newly infected host. The Germ Theory of Disease holds that germs or microorganisms cause infectious diseases. Funded through the National Center for Research Resources and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

This course is designed to be an introduction to the biology of microorganism. The emphasis is on the

specific properties of microorganisms and their relation to disease.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Amphibians are one of the most vulnerable animal groups on the planet, with over 40% of their species threatened with extinction. A major driver of that vulnerability is the fungal pathogen _Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis_ (Bd). Bd is linked to the decline of at least 500 amphibian species, the greatest loss in biodiversity due to a pathogen ever recorded. The amphibian skin microbiome community structure has been linked to health outcomes of Bd infection, but the functional importance of the microbiota is not yet fully understood. To close this gap and potentially discover biomarkers or disease control methods, researchers investigated the microbiome of midwife toads. They examined both wild populations with naturally occurring Bd infection and controlled laboratory exposure. Infection with Bd led to changes in the microbial community structure, gene profile, and metabolic function in laboratory and wild toad populations..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.