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Cell Biology, Genetics, and Biochemistry for Pre-Clinical Students
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Cell Biology, Genetics, and Biochemistry for Pre-Clinical Students (2021) is an undergraduate medical-level resource for foundational knowledge across the disciplines of genetics, cell biology and biochemistry. This USMLE-aligned text is designed for a first-year undergraduate medical course that is delivered typically before students start to explore systems physiology and pathophysiology. The text is meant to provide the essential information from these content areas in a concise format that would allow learner preparation to engage in an active classroom. Clinical correlates and additional application of content is intended to be provided in the classroom experience. The text assumes that the students will have completed medical school prerequisites (including the MCAT) in which they will have been introduced to the most fundamental concepts of biology and chemistry that are essential to understand the content presented here. This resource should be assistive to the learner later in medical school and for exam preparation given the material is presented in a succinct manner, with a focus on high-yield concepts.

The 276-page text was created specifically for use by pre-clinical students at Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and was based on faculty experience and peer review to guide development and hone important topics.

Available Formats
978-1-949373-42-4 (PDF)
978-1-949373-43-1 (ePub) [coming soon]
978-1-949373-41-7 (Pressbooks) https://pressbooks.lib.vt.edu/cellbio
Also available via LibreTexts: https://med.libretexts.org/@go/page/37584

How to Adopt this Book
Instructors reviewing, adopting, or adapting parts or the whole of the text are requested to register their interest at: https://bit.ly/interest-preclinical.

Instructors and subject matter experts interested in and sharing their original course materials relevant to pre-clinical education are requested to join the instructor portal at https://www.oercommons.org/groups/pre-clinical-resources/10133.

Features of this Book
1. Detailed learning objectives are provided at the beginning of each subsection
2. High resolution, color contrasting figures illustrate concepts, relationships, and processes throughout
3. Summary tables display detailed information
4. End of chapter lists provide additional sources of information
5. Accessibility features including structured heads and alternative-text provide access for readers accessing the work via a screen-reader

Table of Contents
1. Biochemistry basics
2. Basic laboratory measurements
3. Fed and fasted state
4. Fuel for now
5. Fuel for later
6. Lipoprotein metabolism and cholesterol synthesis
7. Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), purine and pyrimidine metabolism
8. Amino acid metabolism and heritable disorders of degradation
9. Disorders of monosaccharide metabolism and other metabolic conditions
10. Genes, genomes, and DNA
11. Transcription and translation
12. Gene regulation and the cell cycle
13. Human genetics
14. Linkage studies, pedigrees, and population genetics
15. Cellular signaling
16. Plasma membrane
17. Cytoplasmic membranes
18. Cytoskeleton
19. Extracellular matrix

Suggested Citation
LeClair, Renée J., (2021). Cell Biology, Genetics, and Biochemistry for Pre-Clinical Students, Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Tech Publishing. https://doi.org/10.21061/cellbio. Licensed with CC BY NC-SA 4.0.

About the Author
Renée J. LeClair is an Associate Professor in the Department of Basic Science Education at the Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, where her role is to engage activities that support the departmental mission of developing an integrated medical experience using evidence-based delivery grounded in the science of learning. She received a Ph.D. at Rice University and completed a postdoctoral fellowship at the Maine Medical Center Research Institute in vascular biology. She became involved in medical education, curricular renovation, and implementation of innovative teaching methods during her first faculty appointment, at the University of New England, College of Osteopathic Medicine. In 2013, she moved to a new medical school, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Greenville. The opportunities afforded by joining a new program and serving as the Chair of the Curriculum committee provided a blank slate for creative curricular development and close involvement with the accreditation process. During her tenure she developed and directed a team-taught student-centered undergraduate medical course that integrated the scientific and clinical sciences to assess all six-core competencies of medical education.

Accessibility Note
The University Libraries at Virginia Tech and Virginia Tech Publishing are committed to making its publications accessible in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. The HTML (Pressbooks) and ePub versions of this book utilize header structures and include alternative text which allow for machine-readability.

Please report any errors at https://bit.ly/feedback-preclinical

Subject:
Applied Science
Health, Medicine and Nursing
Life Science
Material Type:
Textbook
Provider:
Virginia Tech
Provider Set:
VTech Works
Author:
Renee LeClair
Date Added:
11/20/2021
Cell Biology, Genetics, and Biochemistry for Pre-Clinical Students
Conditional Remix & Share Permitted
CC BY-NC-SA
Rating
0.0 stars

Short Description:
Cell Biology, Genetics, and Biochemistry for Pre-Clinical Students, is an undergraduate medical-level resource for foundational knowledge across the disciplines of genetics, cell biology and biochemistry. This text is designed for a course in first year undergraduate medical course that is delivered typically before students start to explore systems physiology and pathophysiology. The text is meant to provide the essential information from these content areas in a concise format that would allow learner preparation to engage in an active classroom. Clinical correlates and additional application of content is intended to be provided in the classroom experience. The text assumes that the students will have completed medical school prerequisites (including the MCAT) in which they will have been introduced to the most fundamental concepts of biology and chemistry that are essential to understand the content presented here. This resource should be assistive to the learner later in medical school and for exam preparation given the material is presented in a succinct manner, with a focus on high-yield concepts.NewParaAdditional versions of this book are freely available at: https://doi.org/10.21061/cellbio and https://med.libretexts.org/@go/page/37584.NewParaInstructors reviewing, adopting, or adapting parts or the whole of the text are requested to register their interest at: https://bit.ly/interest-preclinical. Instructors and subject matter experts interested in sharing original supplemental materials are invited to join https://www.oercommons.org/groups/pre-clinical-resources/10133.

Word Count: 63120

ISBN: 978-1-957213-05-7

(Note: This resource's metadata has been created automatically by reformatting and/or combining the information that the author initially provided as part of a bulk import process.)

Subject:
Applied Science
Health, Medicine and Nursing
Material Type:
Textbook
Provider:
Virginia Tech
Provider Set:
Carilion School of Medicine
Date Added:
11/19/2021
Cell-Matrix Mechanics
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CC BY-NC-SA
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Mechanical forces play a decisive role during development of tissues and organs, during remodeling following injury as well as in normal function. A stress field influences cell function primarily through deformation of the extracellular matrix to which cells are attached. Deformed cells express different biosynthetic activity relative to undeformed cells. The unit cell process paradigm combined with topics in connective tissue mechanics form the basis for discussions of several topics from cell biology, physiology, and medicine.

Subject:
Applied Science
Biology
Engineering
Health, Medicine and Nursing
Life Science
Material Type:
Full Course
Provider Set:
MIT OpenCourseWare
Author:
Spector, Myron
Yannas, Ioannis
Date Added:
09/01/2014
Cell disruption caused by mutant prelamin A protein points to origin of progeria
Unrestricted Use
CC BY
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Critical defects that compromise the nucleus during cell division could be the basis for the age-accelerating effects of people living with progeria. Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome is a genetic disorder that causes premature aging. Affecting one in 8 million newborns worldwide, the disorder is extremely rare—and fatal. The rapid aging of the cardiovascular system causes death due to heart attack or stroke in patients by their mid-teens. Progeria is caused by a tiny point mutation in the lamin A gene. This gene is responsible for producing structural proteins called lamins, which form the scaffolding that holds the cell nucleus together. The mutated form of prelamin A called progerin destabilizes the cell nucleus—the genetic control center of cells. The result is the fast-aging effects observed in progeria. But the link from gene mutation to physical disorder has remained a mystery. Previous studies have looked only at models of progeria, not at actual patient cells..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Applied Science
Health, Medicine and Nursing
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
09/20/2019
Cellular Metabolism and Cancer: Nature or Nurture?
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CC BY-NC-SA
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In this course we will explore how altered metabolism drives cancer progression. Students will learn (1) how to read, discuss, and critically evaluate scientific findings in the primary research literature, (2) how scientists experimentally approach fundamental issues in biology and medicine, (3) how recent findings have challenged the traditional “textbook” understanding of metabolism and given us new insight into cancer, and (4) how a local pharmaceutical company is developing therapeutics to target cancer metabolism in an effort to revolutionize cancer therapy.

Subject:
Applied Science
Biology
Health, Medicine and Nursing
Life Science
Material Type:
Full Course
Provider Set:
MIT OpenCourseWare
Author:
Lau, Allison
Lien, Evan
Date Added:
09/01/2018
Cellular Neurophysiology
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CC BY-NC-SA
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This course includes:

Surveying the molecular and cellular mechanisms of neuronal communication.
Coversion channels in excitable membrane, synaptic transmission, and synaptic plasticity.
Correlation of the properties of ion channels and synaptic transmission with their physiological function such as learning and memory.
Discussion of the organizational principles for the formation of functional neural networks at synaptic and cellular levels.

Subject:
Applied Science
Biology
Health, Medicine and Nursing
Life Science
Material Type:
Full Course
Provider Set:
MIT OpenCourseWare
Author:
Liu, Guosong
Date Added:
02/01/2002
Cellular and Molecular Immunology
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CC BY-NC-SA
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This course covers cells and tissues of the immune system, lymphocyte development, the structure and function of antigen receptors, the cell biology of antigen processing and presentation, including molecular structure and assembly of MHC molecules, the biology of cytokines, leukocyte-endothelial interactions, and the pathogenesis of immunologically mediated diseases. The course is structured as a series of lectures and tutorials in which clinical cases are discussed with faculty tutors.
Lecturers
Frederick W. Alt, Marcus Altfeld, Paul Anderson, Jon C. Aster, Hugh Auchincloss, Steven P. Balk, Samuel M. Behar, Richard S. Blumberg, Francisco Bonilla, Bobby Cherayil, Benjamin Davis, David Hafler, Nir Harcohen, Bruce Horwitz, David M. Lee, Andrew Lichtman, Diane Mathis, Richard Mitchell, Hidde Ploegh, Emmett Schmidt, Arlene Sharpe, Megan Sykes, Shannon Turley, Dale T. Umetsu, Ulrich von Andrian, Bruce Walker, Kai Wucherpfennig, Ramnik Xavier, Sarah Henrickson

Subject:
Applied Science
Health, Medicine and Nursing
Material Type:
Full Course
Provider Set:
MIT OpenCourseWare
Author:
Pillai, Shiv
Date Added:
09/01/2005
Cellular mechanism of hormone action
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CC BY-NC-SA
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Learn about the interaction between chemical messages and their target cells in this video about hormone action.

Subject:
Applied Science
Biology
Health, Medicine and Nursing
Life Science
Material Type:
Lesson
Provider:
Khan Academy
Provider Set:
Association of American Medical Colleges
Author:
Ryan Scott Patton
Date Added:
09/18/2013
Center for Health and Health Care in Schools
Unrestricted Use
Public Domain
Rating
0.0 stars

The Center for Health and Health Care in Schools supports the good health of children and adolescents by working with parents, teachers, health professionals and school administrators to strengthen successful health programs at school.This web site combines information on key school health issues with guidance on organizational and financing challenges. High-quality school health programs are the most direct, efficient ways to assure that all children get the help they need to lead healthy and productive lives.

Subject:
Applied Science
Health, Medicine and Nursing
Material Type:
Reading
Teaching/Learning Strategy
Provider:
George Washington University
Date Added:
09/06/2012
Cerebral Palsy (Spanish)
Read the Fine Print
Rating
0.0 stars

This patient education program explains cerebral palsy (CP), the causes and risk factors, symptoms and complications, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment options. It also reviews brain anatomy, particularly that of the motor skills areas. This resource is a MedlinePlus Interactive Health Tutorial from the National Library of Medicine, designed and developed by the Patient Education Institute.

Subject:
Applied Science
Health, Medicine and Nursing
Material Type:
Lecture
Provider:
National Library of Medicine
Provider Set:
H.E.A.L.
Date Added:
11/17/2003
Chad Caruso - Skateboarding to Sobriety
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CC BY-NC
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Chad Caruso’s journey is a testament to the transformative power of skateboarding. Growing up, Chad faced numerous challenges, including injury and addiction. Skateboarding became his refuge and a path to sobriety. By setting ambitious goals like performing 50 tricks in 50 states, Chad not only rediscovered his passion but also inspired others to overcome their obstacles. His story is about resilience, the joy of skateboarding, and the relentless pursuit of personal growth. Follow Chad as he skates through life’s highs and lows, sharing his journey and the lessons learned along the way.

How to use our resources:
1) Watch a dynamic video featuring a powerful, personal story
2) Discuss the video in a group using provided discussion guides
3) Engage in deeper learning through fun, interactive activities that reinforce the concepts from the video.

Subject:
Applied Science
Health, Medicine and Nursing
Material Type:
Lesson
Unit of Study
Author:
Natural High
Date Added:
08/29/2024
Charting Your Course: A Roadmap to Thriving in the Field of Health
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CC BY-NC-SA
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0.0 stars

Welcome to Charting Your Course: A Roadmap to Thriving in the Field of Health! Whether you are in your first semester, nearing graduation, or long past graduation, this career guide is designed to lead you through the career development process: from building self-awareness, to conducting career research, undertaking a job search, to succeeding on the job. Charting Your Course includes relevant, up-to-date information, interactive and self-reflection-based exercises, as well as online resources to help support you to become more comfortable, flexible, and adept at managing your career.

Subject:
Applied Science
Health, Medicine and Nursing
Material Type:
Textbook
Provider:
University of West Florida
Author:
Susan Fried
Date Added:
09/08/2023
Chelsie Hightower – Steps to Success: A Dancer's Tale
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CC BY-NC
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At an early age, Chelsie Hightower discovered her love of dance and worked hard to be the best she could be, setting goals that made it easy to steer clear of drugs. After completing the Chelsie Hightower discussion questions, encourage students to share their natural highs by having them hashtag #LiveNaturallyHigh on their social media accounts.

How to use our resources:
1) Watch a dynamic video featuring a powerful, personal story
2) Discuss the video in a group using provided discussion guides
3) Engage in deeper learning through fun, interactive activities that reinforce the concepts from the video.

Subject:
Applied Science
Health, Medicine and Nursing
Material Type:
Lesson
Unit of Study
Author:
Natural High
Date Added:
09/17/2024
Chemical brain drain
Only Sharing Permitted
CC BY-NC-ND
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Brain development can be damaged by environmental chemicals.
Philippe Grandjean, University of Southern Denmark and Harvard School of Public Health, explains the erroneous assumptions made over time about this. Studies from Faroe Islands, where people have been exposed to toxic agents, shows how this affects brains of children and their IQ levels.

Subject:
Applied Science
Health, Medicine and Nursing
Material Type:
Lecture
Author:
Philippe Grandjean
Date Added:
11/18/2019
Chemical signature of pancreatic cancer allows doctors to quickly identify cancer cells and predict patient outcomes
Unrestricted Use
CC BY
Rating
0.0 stars

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Of all the forms of cancer, few are as aggressive as pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The discovery of a tumor in the pancreas is often accompanied by an extremely poor prognosis, even when surgery is an option. But a new technique could help doctors design better treatment strategies for patients with this type of cancer. A recent study carried out by researchers from France and the US highlights a promising new approach to rapidly distinguish pancreatic cancer cells from healthy ones and to predict a patient’s chances of survival after diagnosis. Such predictive power would allow physicians to better assess a patient’s surgical needs and recommend a more personalized treatment plan..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Applied Science
Health, Medicine and Nursing
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
02/23/2021