This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Since the dawn of space exploration, we have been fascinated by the survivability of terrestrial life in outer space. Outer space is a hostile environment for any form of life, but some extraordinarily resilient bacteria can survive. Despite galactic cosmic and solar UV radiation, extreme vacuum conditions, temperature fluctuations, desiccation, freezing, and microgravity, the extremophilic bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans withstands the drastic influence of outer space. A recent study examined the molecular effects of space on this unique microbe. After one year of exposure to low Earth orbit outside the International Space Station during the Tanpopo mission, researchers found that D. radiodurans escaped morphological damage, forming numerous outer-membrane vesicles..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

The goal of proteomics is to analyze the varying proteomes of an organism at different times, in order to highlight differences between them. Put more simply, proteomics analyzes the structure and function of biological systems. [8] For example, the protein content of a cancerous cell is often different from that of a healthy cell. Certain proteins in the cancerous cell may not be present in the healthy cell, making these unique proteins good targets for anti-cancer drugs. The realization of this goal is difficult; both purification and identification of proteins in any organism can be hindered by a multitude of biological and environmental factors. [9]

This course provides a foundation in the following four areas: evolutionary and population genetics; comparative genomics; structural genomics and proteomics; and functional genomics and regulation.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease, or iMCD, is a deadly disorder involving a hyperactivated immune system No one knows what causes iMCD, the key cell types involved, or even what type of disease to call it -- autoimmune? cancer? The many unknowns make diagnosis and treatment extremely challenging In a new publication, researchers have uncovered several key proteins involved in iMCD By systematically comparing the levels of over 1000 molecules in blood samples from iMCD patients in flare and remission They found that levels of immune molecules known as chemokines spike during disease flares and identified the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway as a potential treatment target for patients who don't respond to first-line therapy Although these findings must still be validated on more patients the study provides new insights into iMCD and possible treatment options For more information about IMCD, visit CDCN.org Pierson, et al..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Fibroblasts are responsible for producing and assembling the extracellular matrix (ECM), the scaffolding material that gives tissues their structure, which is critical in shaping the form and function of muscle throughout the body. Fibroblast function is aided by the shuttling of extracellular vesicles (EVs) – tiny sacs of cellular material that facilitate communication between cells. EV research has focused largely on their role in cancer, but a new study has examined their function in human muscle. Proteomics experiments revealed three distinct profiles for EVs released from tendon fibroblasts, muscle fibroblasts, and differentiating myoblasts. Fibroblast-derived EVs were more similar to one another than to EVs from myoblasts. However, while EVs from tendon fibroblasts showed an abundance of proteins supporting ECM synthesis. EVs from muscle fibroblasts were enriched in proteins that support myofiber function and components of the skeletal muscle matrix..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Human gut microbes have a major impact on health and disease. Understanding gut microbial communities helps to provide insight into treatments for diseases ranging from cancer to inflammatory bowel disease. Recent efforts have significantly expanded the collection of human-associated bacterial genomes. While these new genomes might be used as a universal reference for new metaproteomic studies, a large increase in available data can also make matching more difficult. Now, researchers present a new approach to optimize the use of reference genomes and metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs). The first step uses only high-abundance proteins (HAPs) for a metaproteomic MS/MS database search to derive the composition of the underlying microbial community. Next, the search database is expanded to include all proteins from identified abundant species. Researchers tested the approach, called HAPs guided metaproteomics IDentification (HAPiID), using data from a previous study..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Chloroplast protein of 12 kDa (CP12) participates in the Calvin Benson Bassham (CBB) cycle and many other processes in higher plants, microalgae, and cyanobacteria. The CP12-encoding gene is conserved in many diatoms, but CBB cycle regulation differs between diatoms and other photosynthetic organisms, and CP12 has not been characterized in these ecologically important and evolutionarily complex microalgae. A recent study addressed this knowledge gap by characterizing CP12 in the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. Using a variety of techniques, researchers found that this CP12 is expressed under both light and dark conditions and throughout growth and that it exhibits some features of intrinsically disordered proteins, like CP12 proteins in other organisms. The protein is an elongated cylinder with kinks and numerous unstable dynamic α-helices. In addition, it exists as a dimer, in contrast to previously characterized monomeric CP12s..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.