Part one in the series Paradise under Pressure/ Paradis under pres: https://paradis-under-pres.simplecast.com/

Plastic bottles are impossible to avoid when travelling for vacation to southern countries. In Zanzibar, thousands of plastic bottles are sailed in from the mainland every day. They float as waste everywhere on beaches, streets, and in between bushes, trees and tall grass.
In this episode, we will meet Aziza Biubwa of the State University of Zanzibar, a researcher in waste management, Justin Madho, who works for the waste company Zanrec and Sjani Müggenburg, director of Ozti East Africa - a company that has made furniture plastic screw cap.

Danish:
Plastikflasker er umulige at undgå, når du holder ferie i syden. På Zanzibar bliver tusindvis af plastikflasker hver dag sejlet ind fra fastlandet, men som affald flyder de overalt på strande, gader, og imellem buske, træer og højt græs.
I denne episode skal vi møde Aziza Biubwa fra State University of Zanzibar, som forsker i affaldshåndtering, Justin Madho, som arbejder for affaldsfirmaet Zanrec og Sjani Müggenburg, som er direktør for Ozti East Africa – et firma der har fundet ud af at lave møbler af plastikskruelåg.

By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination
Professor Magne Bråtveit, Occupational and Environmental Health, and Professor Bente E. Moen, CIH, University of Bergen

London’s lethal fog of 1952 was a result of coal burning and temperature inversions. It brought the issue of air pollution to public attention. It resulted in 12 000 deaths and 150 000 hospitalisations. As a result, Britain passed the Clean Air Act of 1956. Health complications due to air pollution make it among the 10 leading factors for death in most countries. It is responsible for about 1 in every 9 deaths around the world every year. It is listed as number 6 in the 10 leading risk factors posted by the Global Burden of Disease.

Air pollutions is due to chemicals, gases, particles or biological material in the atmosphere that lead to discomfort and undesirable health effects such as airway diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases, all of which can lead to death.

In this presentation, we discuss how tourism in Zanzibar may add to the number of mosquito breeding places and thus increase the use of chemical insecticides, which is a major environmental strain to Zanzibar. Furthermore, we will discuss how mosquitoes become resistance to the insecticides and how tourism affect this resistance development.

You might also listen to this related podcast-series about Zanzibar- Paradise under Pressure, about sustainable tourism: https://paradis-under-pres.simplecast.com/

This presentation introduces the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), and discuss why development of sustainable tourism has become part of the global agenda. In continuation of this, we will discuss the global trends in tourism.

In this presentation, we will discuss the impacts of tourism on marine environment in Zanzibar. In continuation of this, we will discuss sustainable development challenges regarding small island environments. Among challenges are rapid growing populations, a constantly rising number of tourists, limited freshwater resources, and fragile marine ecosystem.

This presentation introduces the term “death by tourism” and discuss’ the impact of uncontrolled tourism on local communities. In continuation of this, we will discuss the importance of Certification of Sustainable Tourism and introduce the three types of Sustainability Certification schemes.

In this presentation, we will discuss how saltwater intrusion affects small islands freshwater supplies, and how tourism is a significant part of this. In Zanzibar fresh water for drinking and other purposes come from rain that replenishes the island’s groundwater reservoir and in many cases freshwater is a scarce resource. On top of this, the excessive pumping in groundwater for the tourist industry increases the risk of salt water seeping into the freshwater magazine from the sea, thereby destroying the freshwater resource.

In this presentation, we will discuss how poor waste management affects the tourism negatively in Zanzibar. Unsustainable solid waste management in Zanzibar impacts the local environment, has adverse effect on communities and generate negative reviews from tourist, which is a major threat to tourism in Zanzibar and hence their economic resources.

In this presentation, we will discuss how tourism affects different local communities, including Zanzibar. A study from Zanzibar published in 2015 found that only 20 percent of the GDP generated by tourism occurred to local communities, so it seems possible to develop forms of tourism with greater benefits to the population of Zanzibar, including local population.

In this presentation, we will introduce the threats of growing tourism and discuss what countries can and should do to prevent these threats. Tourism has become one of the fastest growing economic sectors in the world, offering millions of jobs and lucrative opportunities for investment. However, the environmental and natural resources are under great pressure from tourism, which has consequences for both the health and the well-being of the local population.

In this presentation we focus’ on how tourism is a major generator of solid waste in Zanzibar. Tourist from OECD countries bring with them the lifestyle that replicate the waste generation from their native country, not only the volume of waste follows the tourist but also the composition. In Zanzibar, the composition is 80 percent organic material, but in OECD countries, the composition is only 25 to 30 percent organic material. This leaves Zanzibar’s traditional organic based waste handling system unable to handle the tourism waste.

In this presentation we will discuss how tourism affects the daily water use in Zanzibar and how a significant water consumption, has the potential of undermining the sustainability of the tourist sector in Zanzibar. Zanzibar has a great water disparity with 15 times higher daily water use per tourist compared with local residents.

This presentation introduces the International Year for Sustainable Tourism for Development (2017). In continuation of this, we will present and discuss data from the World Tourism Organization.

In this presentation, we will discuss how tourism development affects the coral reefs and in continuation of this, we will examine the Crown-of-Thorn Starfish invasion around Zanzibar. Reefs sustain human society, such as fishermen's livelihood and they are also a key asset for the tourist industry. However, the reefs are also under pressure from a range of human induced stresses, including the expanding tourism.

In this presentation, we will discuss what happens to low-income countries like Zanzibar, when tourists arrive and continue their western lifestyle in a tropical setting with scare resources. We will among other focus on the wastewater generated, the consequences of water use and the tons of solid waste generated by the tourists.

Part three in the series Paradise under Pressure/ Paradis under pres: https://paradis-under-pres.simplecast.com/

According to the international hotels in Zanzibar, it is difficult to find qualified local workers who speak good enough English and have the right experience and education. But is it, in fact, an excuse used by tourism industry leaders not to live up to their responsibilities?

Danish:
Ifølge de internationale hoteller på Zanzibar, så er det svært at finde kvalificeret lokale arbejdere, som taler godt nok engelsk og har den rette erfaring og uddannelse. Men er det i virkeligheden en undskyldning som turistbranchens ledere bruger, for ikke at leve op til deres ansvar?