This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Targeted therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors has significantly improved the outcomes of patients with BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma. Unfortunately, a combination of genetic and epigenetic events can create resistance to such treatment, causing most patients to relapse. A new study suggests that this resistance could be due to dysregulation of the miR-146a-5p-regulated NFκB signaling network. Initial experiments showed the gene COX2 to be largely regulated by miR-146a-5p and NFκB. Further experiments involved manipulating miR-146a-5p/COX2 in vitro and in 3D cultures of treatment-resistant tumors explanted from patients undergoing therapy, which demonstrated that miR-146a-5p expression increased drug sensitivity and reduced COX2 expression. Tumor cells’ susceptibility to therapy could be significantly enhanced by decreasing COX2 expression through forced miR-146a-5p expression or by inhibiting COX2 expression with the drug celecoxib..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Craniopharyngiomas are among the most common calcified tumors in the central nervous system. Although calcification is known to complicate tumor removal, especially in the delicate central nervous system, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. A recent study examined the calcification of adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas. Using cultured primary cells, the researchers induced calcification with the protein Bmp2. Calcified cells had elevated expression of the histone deacetylase HDAC3. Paradoxically, however, inhibiting HDAC3 activity increased calcification and differentiation into osteoblasts. Researchers discovered that this disconnect between HDAC3 expression and its activity came down to its cellular location. Bmp2, it turned out, was blocking HDAC3 from relocating to the nucleus. Bmp2 blocked relocation indirectly by increasing the expression of the microRNA miR-181b. miR-181b decreased the expression of the protein CBX4, which normally stabilizes the nuclear localization of HDAC3..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"A fundamental law of genetics states that offspring do not inherit traits from their parents that were acquired in response to environmental conditions. Recent research in the field of epigenetics, however, is turning this principle on its head. Several recent studies have come to the remarkable conclusion that unhealthy diets in males can contribute to the development of metabolic diseases in their offspring. Even when those offspring are raised with healthy diets_._ Now, a study has identified small RNAs as the molecules responsible for the transmission of these disorders. For a long time scientists thought that inheritance of traits only occurred via DNA being passed from parent to offspring. It is now clear, however, that the experiences of one generation can have an effect on the next. When parents have a high-stress lifestyle or an unhealthy diet, for example, chemical modifications can occur on genes that are then passed to their children. This is termed ‘epigenetic inheritance..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Micro-RNAs are small, non-coding molecules no bigger than a couple dozen nucleotides in length. But don’t let their size fool you. While they may not code for proteins, themselves, these molecules play an important role in many biological processes by regulating the expression of genes. Recently, they have been implicated in neuron development and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s. Now, a recent study published in the journal, _Molecular Neurodegeneration_, has identified a previously unreported association between the amount of a particular microRNA and the accumulation of toxic proteins that characterizes Alzheimer’s disease. Late-onset Alzheimer’s is characterized by structural changes in the brain and a decline in cognitive abilities, such as memory loss, that worsens with age. Despite the high prevalence of this disease and research efforts, its precise causes are still being worked out. Recent research, though, suggests altered gene expression by non-coding RNAs may play a role..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.