This contribution is modified from a published exercise "Directed Discovery of Crystal Structures Using Ball-and-Stick Models" [Mogk, 1997] . While the published exercise is based on student exploration of traditional ball-and-stick models of crystal structures, this modified version uses a similar "discovery-based" approach to teach the spatial relationships and crystal-chemical rules that govern the crystal structures of common minerals and crystalline solids, but instead uses the latest web-based crystallographic information and visualization programs. A few changes in the content have been made from the published exercise, mainly to accomodate the new digital media.

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The Confederate leaders are portrayed as a band of competing opportunists led by South Carolina governor and secessionist Francis Pickens (far left). The artist criticizes the January 1861 secession of five states from the lower South, following the lead of South Carolina, which had formally declared its independence a month before. Armed with a whip and a pistol, Pickens sits on the back of a young slave, pronouncing, "South Carolina claims to be file leader and general whipper in of the new Confederacy, a special edict! Obey and tremble!" The other leaders are also armed. Pickens's tyranny is met by expressions of self-interest from the other confederates. The nature of these individual interests are conveyed pictorially and in the text. Leaders from Alabama, Mississippi, and Georgia sit on bales of cotton, while Florida and Louisiana sit on a wrecked ship's hull and a barrel of sugar respectively. Florida (represented by a bearded man, possibly Stephen R. Mallory, senator and later secretary of the Confederate navy ): "We want it distinctly understood that all the lights on the Coast will be put out, in order to facilitate wrecking business." Alabama (William L. Yancey): "Alabama proclaims that CĚ_Ąotton is King,' and the rest of the Confederacy "must obey" that Sovereign. Mississippi (Jefferson Davis): "We came in, with the understanding that we shall issue bonds to an unlimited extent, with our ancient right of repudiation when they became due." Georgia (Governor Joseph E. Brown): "Georgia must have half the honors, and all the profits, or back she goes to old Pluribus Unum.'" Louisiana (a mustachioed man): "A heavy duty must be levied on foreign sweetening in order to make up for what we have sacrificed in leaving the Union, otherwise we shall be like a PĚ_Ąelican in the wilderness!'" Although Texas, which seceded on February 1, is not represented here, the print probably appeared at the time of the Montgomery convention in early February when the Confederate States of America was formed, but before Jefferson Davis assumed its presidency. Texas did not attend that convention.|Published by Currier & Ives, 152 Nassau St. N.Y.|Title appears as it is written on the item.|Gale, no. 1730.|Weitenkampf, p. 128.|Published in: American political prints, 1766-1876 / Bernard F. Reilly. Boston : G.K. Hall, 1991, entry 1861-6.

Exhibit poster, text only, calling for the extension of veterans benefits to all injured and disabled citizens. Exhibit of the Red Cross Institute for Crippled and Disabled Men and the Red Cross Institute for the Blind.

Three men at left, one saying, "Verily friend Darg since we have returned thee thy money, I claim the reward of $1000 - Brother Barney Corse was merely my agent, verily!" Another "Yea verily I was but thy instrument Brother Hopper as Brother Ruggles here knoweth!" Man at right, brandishing chair and holding bag marked $6908, rails at their impudence and tells them to "get out of the house."|Copyright by H.R. Robinson.|Title appears as it is written on the item.|Forms part of: American cartoon print filing series (Library of Congress)

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Adherent-invasive E. coli, or AIEC, are bacteria that are abnormally abundant in the gut of individuals with Crohn’s disease, a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the lining of the gastrointestinal tract. To determine whether targeting AIEC could help relieve symptoms of Crohn’s disease, researchers recently explored the possibility of simply making these bacteria less sticky. The team applied a compound known as TAK-018 to gut samples gathered from patients. TAK-018 binds to the bacterial adhesin FimH, blocking bacteria clinging and interaction with cells along the intestinal wall. Tests revealed that TAK-018 not only prevented AIEC bacteria from adhering to intestinal tissue but also reduced inflammation, helping preserve the integrity of this important barrier. While more work is needed to understand how TAK-018 operates in the body, the drug is known to be safe and well-tolerated in patients and is currently undergoing phase II testing for the treatment of Crohn’s disease..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

My submission for the ISKME GoPro Learning Challenge: Draw, build and walk a labyrinth documenting the process in video and photography! Use the experience and images for self-reflection and to inspire others.. .

This lesson is about the solar system and its objects, such as planets, moons, asteroids, and comets, it is revolving around the place where each celestial body resides. It engages students in exploring, researching, modeling, and discussing these objects and their characteristics, as well as the factors that make Earth habitable and the importance of space exploration. The lesson has four main parts: an introduction, where students are hooked by a hidden moon rock and learn about the lesson’s objectives and agenda; an exploration, where students work in groups to research various solar system objects using classroom resources and the NASA Solar System Exploration website, formulating questions about the solar system; an activity, where groups create models to represent Earth under different solar system conditions, based on “what if” questions, and present their findings; and a discussion, where a class discussion follows, focusing on the habitability factors of planets and the importance of space exploration. The lesson ends with students writing and peer-reviewing reflections on what they have learned.

This lesson plan explores many ways animals help and support people including providing food, clothing, companionship, and service, as well as secondary benefits like soil conservation and fertility, and stabilizing farm businesses with diversification of risk. Lesson plan from the New Mexico Animal, Plant, and Soil Science Lesson Plan Library.

Oyster Shells is one of the AMNH Education Department's many collections of specimens and artifacts gathered the world over by explorers and scientists. In its online Discovery Collection form, Oyster Shells includes photographs of 15 specimens with classification and distribution details, an interactive key that guides you through specimen identification, an activity where students select and identify a specimen photograph using the interactive identification key and an Educator's Guide with suggestions for how to use the Oyster Shells Discovery Collection in the classroom.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Glioblastoma is a devastatingly aggressive and prevalent primary brain tumor. Despite the discovery of many potential biomarkers and treatment targets, there has been little improvement in survival. One unexplored pathway in glioblastoma is chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), which has been implicated in a variety of human malignancies. A new paper examined CMA and its key component, lysosome-associated membrane protein type 2A (LAMP-2A), using clinical samples, in vitro experiments, and a mouse xenograft model. In clinical samples, glioblastoma showed elevated expression of LAMP-2A compared to peritumoral regions and low-grade glioma and an associated decrease in nuclear receptor co-repressor (N-CoR). Glioblastoma with high LAMP-2A expression also had inhibited unfolded protein response and apoptosis. In vitro, silencing LAMP-2A up-regulated N-CoR and activated the unfolded protein response pathway, which led to apoptosis..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The human intestinal microbiota plays a central role in regulating metabolism and immunity. Disturbances in homeostasis can lead to dysbiosis, which is associated with various diseases. A recent study aimed to discover novel small proteins under 100 amino acids (sProteins) contributing to the composition of the human intestinal microbiota. Using a proteogenomics approach, researchers identified novel sProteins in the gut microbiota, focusing on species belonging to the simplified human intestinal microbiota (SIHUMIx), a lower-complexity model system for the intestinal microbiome. This approach identified 31 novel sProteins, with 30 of those supported by metatranscriptomics and 25 validated by synthetic peptides. Six of these novel sProteins were only identified in the SIHUMIx community, indicating a potentially important role in the organization of microbial communities..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Our ancestors noticed that when amber was rubbed against fur it attracted small objects...why is this? Created by Brit Cruise.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The physiological effects of melatonin are far reaching, from acting as an neuroprotective agent to regulating circadian rhythms and sleep cycles. An imbalance of this hormone has even been linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s. The precise molecular mechanism by which melatonin exerts these effects, however, remains a mystery. To shed light on this process, a team of researchers has developed a melatonin-like compound that is unable to penetrate the cell membrane and binds only to cell-surface receptors. Melatonin’s physiological effects on the brain are controlled by the lock-and-key-like properties of this hormone and its receptors. When melatonin binds to its corresponding receptor, a biochemical signal is sent into the cell. But recent data suggests that this interaction may also occur inside the cell, itself. Specifically, on mitochondria within brain cells..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The plant microbiome plays integral roles in plant growth and health, and the soil environment of the roots, known as the rhizosphere, can recruit beneficial microbes to suppress soil-borne pathogens. However, the processes that regulate microbiome assembly and function both below- and aboveground during pathogen invasion are unclear. To learn more, researchers recently compared the microbiomes of different parts of chili pepper plants with or without Fusarium wilt disease (FWD). Sequencing analysis revealed that FWD affected the root/stem microbiomes (particularly the upper stem microbiome) more than the fruit microbiome. FWD also affected fungal communities more strongly than bacterial communities and made the roots and stems more susceptible to colonization by pathogenic fungi..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Though tiny, microorganisms and their interactions play a big role in how ecosystems operate. But despite abundant data, these interactions remain largely a mystery. Now, a computational tool called EnDED could help scientists identify key associations, and, more importantly, eliminate false associations that could provoke misleading interpretations of data. EnDED, short for Environmentally Driven Edge Detection, predicts indirect edges, which are simply environmentally driven. For example, different kinds of microorganisms can coincide in certain areas and seasons, but it’s likely an environmental factor (like temperature) that brings them together and not a causal relationship. EnDED uses up to four algorithms to prune misleading connections due solely to environmental factors. EnDED uses up to four algorithms to prune misleading connections due solely to environmental factors. EnDED uses up to four algorithms to prune misleading connections due solely to environmental factors..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Microbial interactions play a crucial role in the functioning and biogeochemical cycling of Earth's ecosystem. But these connections are highly dynamic and poorly understood. A clear picture of how microbes interact over time could help gain insight into processes that influence nutrient cycling, productivity, and the overall health of marine ecosystems. Researchers investigated microbial dynamics in the Mediterranean Sea on a monthly basis over 10 years. To pinpoint persistent, seasonal, and temporary microbial associations, the researchers identified a temporal network capturing the interactomes of each sample. This network followed an annual cycle that collapsed and reassembled with changes in water temperature. And microbial associations were more repeatable in colder versus warmer months. However, only 16 associations could be validated in the literature, underlining a serious knowledge gap in marine microbial ecological interactions..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Este recurso ha sido desarrollado para la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala. Consiste en un video que muestra el proceso de diseño curricular por competencias, desde una visión sistémica que incluye la entrada, proceso y salida.   

The cartoonist mocks the opportunism evident in Winfield Scott's endorsement of both the abolitionist cause and the Missouri Compromise. Scott, in military uniform, is seated at a table with a plate of soup before him. He lifts his spoon from the plate and finds in it a kneeling black man, with arms outstretched saying, "Dis poor nigger am like Jonah, when de men would'nt let him stay in de Ship; and de whale would'nt let him stay in de water." Scott observes, "Here's a predicament! first I shall have to swallow this nigger to please the north & then take a compromise emetic and deliver him up to please the south. Faugh! what a dose of Ginger, but I am anxious to serve the country at $25,000 pr Annum so down he goes." Appearing from out of the steam is a Southern planter who remarks, "I should think from the flavor of the Generals last plate of Soup that my darkey had tumbled into it. I've heard of 'Green Turtle' and 'Mock Turtle' but that would be a pretty Strong dish of 'Black Turtle." For the origin of the perennial joke about Scott's "hasty plate of soup," see "Distinguished Military Operations" (no. 1846-15). The style of "A Dish of Black Turtle" is similar to that of John L. Magee's "A Magnificent Offer to a Magnificent Officer" (no. 1852-27), and is probably by the same artist.|For sale No. 2 Spruce St. N.Y.|Probably drawn by John L. Magee.|Pub. by P. Smith [i.e., Nathaniel Currier] N.Y.|Title appears as it is written on the item.|Weitenkampf, p. 109.|Forms part of: American cartoon print filing series (Library of Congress)|Published in: American political prints, 1766-1876 / Bernard F. Reilly. Boston : G.K. Hall, 1991, entry 1852-28.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The bacterial flagellum is one of the most amazing structures in biology. The whip-like appendage rotates as many as 300 times per second, allowing bacteria to swim around. That speed is thanks to a powerful internal motor, and a strong hook that acts as a universal joint and transmits torque. Scientists know a lot about how these machines work, but there are still important questions, like how hook proteins function. Now, researchers at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology and their collaborators have identified a surprisingly important role for a disordered segment of the hook protein. The biologists first noticed that many bacterial species share a 40- to 60-residue section of their rod and hook proteins. This part lacks structure and is considered intrinsically disordered, but it might, in its flexibility, be essential. The team named this peptide ID-Rod-Stretch since it was conserved in length in the rod protein, but varied in the hook protein..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"When someone loses consciousness, one of the main things that happens is a loss of integrated activity across functionally separate brain networks. But there isn’t a single way of measuring this that tracks with the degree of consciousness. That could soon change given the findings of a new article in the journal Anesthesiology. A group of international researchers examined functional magnetic resonance imaging, or fMRI, data and found support for the use of something called the “global brain signal”. The global signal is an average of all gray-matter brain activity across each voxel in a scan, and reflects global coordination at a given time. When there’s high coordination, voxels will all be mostly positive -- or negative -- and the sum will be positive or negative. In contrast, if there’s less coordination, the voxels across the brain won’t match and the values will cancel out..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.