Learners use graphs of GPS position data to determine how the shape …
Learners use graphs of GPS position data to determine how the shape of Westdahl Volcano, Alaska is changing. If the flanks of a volcano swell or recede, it is a potential indication of magma movement and changing pressures below ground. GPS can measure changes as little as a couple millimeters per year. Learners are asked to decide if the measured motions are enough to issue a warning of immediate danger.
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NGSS ALIGNMENT Disciplinary Core Ideas Earth' Systems: MS-ESS2-1, MS-ESS2-2, HS-ESS2-1 Earth and Human Activity: MS-ESS3-2, HS-ESS3-1 Science and Engineering Practices 4. Analyzing and Interpreting Data 5. Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking 6. Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions Crosscutting Concepts 2. Cause and Effect 4. Systems and System Models 7. Stability and ChangeÂ
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The activity combines aspects of Earth science (volume of oceans and ice …
The activity combines aspects of Earth science (volume of oceans and ice sheets) with calculus (area of a 1x1 degree tile) and Matlab programming. Students calculate the volume of oceans and of ice sheets given the 1x1-degree digital elevation file. They then determine how much ocean levels would rise if all is on Antarctica and Greenland were to melt. To solve this problem in Matlab entry-wise matrix multiplication, loops, selection of cells using the "ginput" command, and different visualizations (grid and contours) are useful. Conceptually students need to think about inundation of coastal areas and shifting of coastlines.
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This activity is designed to be part of a unit on the …
This activity is designed to be part of a unit on the U.S. Constitution, as it focuses on U.S. voting trends. Students will analyze bar and line graphs showing the percentages of people (by race, age, sex, region, and education) who voted in elections between 1964 and 2014. Students will use these data to respond to the question “Who votes in American elections?”
As the standards in statistics and probability unfold, students will not yet …
As the standards in statistics and probability unfold, students will not yet know the rules of probability for compound events. Thus, simulation is used to find an approximate answer to these questions. In fact, part b would be a challenge to students who do know the rules of probability, further illustrating the power of simulation to provide relatively easy approximate answers to wide-ranging problems.
Schematic Play-Doh model of the Wakemup Pluton and surrounding rock units, present …
Schematic Play-Doh model of the Wakemup Pluton and surrounding rock units, present day state of erosion
Provenance: Carol Ormand Ph.D., Carleton College Reuse: This item is offered under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ You may reuse this item for non-commercial purposes as long as you provide attribution and offer any derivative works under a similar license. Students work through a set of questions about a geologic map of an igneous intrusion and surrounding rock units. These questions focus students' attention on the topography, geomorphology, lithology, and structural geology of the region. When they have figured out the geology to the best of their abilities, we show them Play-Doh models of the pluton and country rock in various stages of erosion.
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Today we're going to discuss the role of statistics during war. From …
Today we're going to discuss the role of statistics during war. From helping the Allies break Nazi Enigma codes and estimate tank production rates to finding sunken submarines, statistics have and continue to play a critical role on the battlefield.
The following unit offers multiple entry points into developing an understanding of …
The following unit offers multiple entry points into developing an understanding of media literacy. The unit framework and primary sources can be integrated into classrooms of grades 4-12. Each lesson has student objectives that can be accomplished within 40 minute periods over the course of several weeks. A midpoint writing assessment, whole class capstone debate, and final independentwriting assessment are included. Support materials are integrated into the lessons, and the primary source document pages can be found at the end of the unit guide.
The following unit offers multiple entry points into developing an understanding of …
The following unit offers multiple entry points into developing an understanding of media literacy. The unit framework and primary sources can be integrated into classrooms of grades 4-12. Each lesson has student objectives that can be accomplished within 40 minute periods over the course of several weeks. A midpoint writing assessment, whole class capstone debate, and final independent writing assessment are included. Support materials are integrated into the lessons, and the primary source document pages can be found at the end of the unit guide.
Students collect a large set of data (approximately 60 sets) of individual …
Students collect a large set of data (approximately 60 sets) of individual student’s water use and learn how to use spreadsheets to graph the data and find mean, median, mode, and range. They compared their findings to the national average of water use per person per day and use it to evaluate how much water a municipality would need in the event of a recovery from a water shutdown. This analysis activity introduces students to the concept of central tendencies and how to use spreadsheets to find them.
The goal of this activity is to provide students an opportunity to …
The goal of this activity is to provide students an opportunity to analyze the stream pattern and morphometric relationships of a particular watershed. Students will use topographic map analysis and data collection, along with analysis of data using Excel to characterize their watershed. Designed for a geomorphology course
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Students vary the seismic P and S wave velocity through each of …
Students vary the seismic P and S wave velocity through each of four concentric regions of Earth and match "data" for travel times vs. angular distance around Earth's surface from the source to detector.
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These open-source mathematics homework problems are programmed for the WeBWorK mathematics platform …
These open-source mathematics homework problems are programmed for the WeBWorK mathematics platform and correspond to chapters in OpenStax Introductory Statistics. They were created through a Round Eight Textbook Transformation Grant.
After discussing weathering and erosion in class, students are asked to do …
After discussing weathering and erosion in class, students are asked to do a small amount of research on different types of chemical weathering, physical weathering, and erosion processes (mostly out of their textbook). Outside of class students then dirty at least four similar dishes with the same type, thickness and aerial extent of food, preferably baked on to ensure maximum stick. One dish is set aside as a control (no weathering or erosion will occur for that dish). For each of the remaining three dishes, students devise an experiment that mimics some sort of chemical weathering, physical weathering, or erosion process (freeze/thaw, sand abrasion, oxidation, etc.). Prior to the experiments, the thickness of food is measured. Experiments are timed, and at the end of the experiment each plate is turned over to determine how much which method removed the greatest aerial extent of food. Experimental results are compared to the control plate to determine the actual effectiveness. Erosion/weathering rates are determined by dividing the thickness of food removed by the experimental time. Students then calculate how long it would take to remove a pile of food the size of the Geology building (assume a 50 m radius sphere), and to remove an amount of food equivalent to the depth of the Grand Canyon. Students then compare these results to rock erosion and weathering rates, performing similar calculations using these "real" rates (see the full project description for details). Photos of each step and the scientists are encouraged in their 2-3 page writeup.
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A think-pair-share activity in which students calculate weathering rates from tombstone weathering …
A think-pair-share activity in which students calculate weathering rates from tombstone weathering data.
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This applet allows the user to adjust the alpha (rate) and the …
This applet allows the user to adjust the alpha (rate) and the beta (scale) parameters of the Gamma distribution with a slider or manual input. The user can also indicate a model (density, hazard, or reliability).
Bayes' Theorem is a powerful tool, but what does it really mean …
Bayes' Theorem is a powerful tool, but what does it really mean and when is it needed? In general, students are told to use it whenever there us a priori information, and use the formula P[A|B] = P[B]XP[A|B]/P[B] But what does that formula actually mean? To understand Bayes’ Theorem, it is necessary to first understand marginal probability tables. These tables hold the key to understanding the data. In this paper, west coast termites provide an example of how to look at the data, how to put it together in a marginal probability table, how to ensure the data is input correctly, what are the meanings of false positive and false negative, and -- last -- how to calculate probabilities. Appendix 5 contains a medical application, based on data from the US CDC. Some of the claims made about west coast termites, such as x-ray tests and vinegar tests, may not be based on solid scientific proof. But the termites do make a good example.
In this activity, students will learn about population movement, migration trends, and …
In this activity, students will learn about population movement, migration trends, and the westward expansion of the early 1800s. First, students will create a line graph that depicts changes in aggregated population data from 1800 to 1850 for Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, and Ohio. Using this graph, students will make data comparisons and draw conclusions. Next, students will compare the populations of several states between 1790 and 1850 and make conclusions that demonstrate their understanding of population trends in northern and southern states. This activity can spark discussion of sectionalism, slavery, and the different economic climate that took shape in the northern and southern states in the early 1800s.
Spreadsheets Across the Curriculum/Geology of National Parks module. Students study measures of …
Spreadsheets Across the Curriculum/Geology of National Parks module. Students study measures of central tendency in a bimodal dataset of eruption intervals.
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Welcome to Crash Course Statistics! In this series we're going to take …
Welcome to Crash Course Statistics! In this series we're going to take a look at the important role statistics play in our everyday lives, because statistics are everywhere! Statistics help us better understand the world and make decisions from what you'll wear tomorrow to government policy. But in the wrong hands, statistics can be used to misinform. So we're going to try to do two things in this series. Help show you the usefulness of statistics, but also help you become a more informed consumer of statistics. From probabilities, paradoxes, and p-values there's a lot to cover in this series, and there will be some math, but we promise only when it's most important. But first, we should talk about what statistics actually are, and what we can do with them. Statistics are tools, but they can't give us all the answers.
Students will learn about and review key geography and census terms, discover …
Students will learn about and review key geography and census terms, discover how the U.S. Census Bureau organizes space geographically, and understand why census data are collected in this way.
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