**Tutorial Summary:** This tutorial is designed to quickly introduce the App Lab programming environment as a powerful tool for building and sharing apps. The tutorial itself teaches students to create and control buttons, text, images, sounds, and screens in JavaScript using either blocks or text. At the end of the tutorial students are given time to either extend a project they started building into a "Choose Your Own Adventure", "Greeting Card", or "Personality Quiz" app. They can also continue on to build more projects featured on the code.org/applab page.

**Age Appropriateness:** The tutorial is designed for students over 13. Because it allows students to upload custom sounds and images, young students should not use this without supervision. To protect students privacy, if your students are under 13, they will not be able to use this tutorial unless you first set up accounts for them in a section you manage.

**Checking Correctness:** This tutorial will not tell students whether they completed the level correctly. Encourage students to use the target images and directions provided in every level to know if they are on the right track. If students want to move on past a particularly tricky level they can simply click "Finish" and continue on.

Have fun completing your Hour of Code with App Lab!

In this lesson, learners of all ages get an introductory experience with coding and computer science in a safe, supportive environment. This lesson has been designed for learners of all ages but does require reading. This activity requires sound as the tool was built to respond to music.

This activity will begin with a short review of "My Robotic Friends," then will quickly move to a race against the clock, as students break into teams and work together to write a program one instruction at a time.

At some point we reach a physical limit of how fast we can send bits and if we want to send a large amount of information faster, we have to find a way to represent the same information with fewer bits - we must **compress** the data. In this lesson, students will use the Text Compression Widget to compress segments of English text by looking for patterns and substituting symbols for larger patterns of text.

In this lesson, students are introduced to the need for encryption and simple techniques for breaking (or cracking) secret messages. Students try their own hand at cracking a message encoded with the classic Caesar cipher and also a Random Substitution Cipher. Students should become well-acquainted with idea that in an age of powerful computational tools, techniques of encryption will need to be more sophisticated. The most important aspect of this lesson is to understand how and why encryption plays a role in all of our lives every day on the Internet, and that making good encryption is not trivial. Students will get their feet wet with understanding the considerations that must go into making strong encryption in the face of powerful computational tools that can be used to crack it. The need for secrecy when sending bits over the Internet is important for anyone using the Internet.

Students will learn that events are a useful way to control when an action happens, and can even be used to make make multiple things act in sync. In programming, you can use events to respond to a user controlling it (like pressing buttons or clicking the mouse). Events can make your program more interesting and interactive.

This lesson is intended for classrooms that want to show the entire How AI Works video series in a single day. It is not intended to be taught in sequence with the other lessons in this unit, which introduces each video one day at a time.

Students follow along with each video by matching vocabulary from the video, then answering a reflection question about each video. The lesson plan and slides are very sparse and open-ended to allow for improvisation and customization to fit your classroom.

Background: How Neural Networks Work
Pairs with: AI & The Environment, AI & Dance, AI & Facial Recognition
Length: 2-4 hours

Curriculum aligns to:
- NGSS Engineering standards
- ISTE standards
- Common Core ELA/Literacy standards
- Also maps to CSTA standards

Today we're going to talk about a fundamental part of all modern computers. The thing that basically everything else uses - the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (or the ALU). The ALU may not have to most exciting name, but it is the mathematical brain of a computer and is responsible for all the calculations your computer does! And it's actually not that complicated. So today we're going to use the binary and logic gates we learned in previous episodes to build one from scratch, and then we'll use our newly minted ALU when we construct the heart of a computer, the CPU, in episode 7.

*CORRECTION*

This lesson teaches students about how computers interpret high-level source code languages such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript by converting them into low-level binary code (i.e., machine code).  Students will act out the process of a web developer building a website by playing the roles of developer, compiler, and binary code.

Students learn how to program using loops and switches. They see how loops enable us to easily and efficiently tell a computer to keep repeating an operation. They also see that switches permit programs to follow different instructions based on whether or not preconditions are fulfilled. Using the LEGO MINDSTORMS(TM) NXT robots, sensors and software, student pairs perform three mini programming activities using loops and switches individually, and then combined. With practice, they incorporate these tools into their programming skill sets in preparation for the associated activity. A PowerPoint® presentation, pre/post quizzes and worksheet are provided.

Building on the programming basics learned so far in the unit, students next learn how to program using sensors rather than by specifying exact durations. They start with an examination of algorithms and move to an understanding of conditional commands (until, then), which require the use of wait blocks. Working with the LEGO MINDSTORMS(TM) NXT robots and software, they learn about wait blocks and how to use them in conjunction with move blocks set with unlimited duration. To help with comprehension and prepare them for the associated activity programming challenges, volunteer students act out a maze demo and student groups conclude by programming LEGO robots to navigate a simple maze using wait block programming. A PowerPoint® presentation, a worksheet and pre/post quizzes are provided.

The Federal Reserve has a congressional mandate to promote maximum employment and price stability. The May issue of Page One Economics explains how the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) conducts monetary policy by setting the target range for the federal funds rate and how the Fed uses its policy tools to steer the federal funds rate into the FOMC’s target range.

This lesson focuses on copyright and fair use. Students will discuss these concepts and then complete a project demonstrating what they learned.

The Federal Reserve’s Federal Open Market Committee conducts monetary policy to promote maximum employment and price stability in the U.S. economy. Monetary policy is made at the national level, but it’s important that policy reflects the economic voices beyond Washington, D.C., and Wall Street. The November issue of Page One Economics explains how Federal Reserve Bank presidents ensure the voices of “Main Street” are reflected in monetary policy decisions.

Description: GANs are often used when machines create new images or video content. This lesson explores how each work
Pairs with: AI & Deepfakes
Length: 2-4 hours

Curriculum aligns to:
- NGSS Engineering standards
- ISTE standards
- Common Core ELA/Literacy standards
- Also maps to CSTA standards

This illustrated essay from A Science Odyssey Web site explains the science behind radio waves, including the role of electrons and electromagnetic fields.

Description: An introductory hands-on deep dive into the technical details about how machines hold the information that they’ve learned. In the end, students will teach others what they have learned
Pairs with: Everything
Length: 2-4 hours

Curriculum aligns to:
- NGSS Engineering standards
- ISTE standards
- Common Core ELA/Literacy standards
- Also maps to CSTA standards

In this lesson, students will examine their digital footprints, discuss the positives and negatives of having a footprint, and determine how they can most safely manage their footprints.

Background: How Neural Networks Work
Pairs with: AI & Ethics, AI & Drawing
Length: 2-4 hours

Curriculum aligns to:
- NGSS Engineering standards
- ISTE standards
- Common Core ELA/Literacy standards
- Also maps to CSTA standards