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This work consists of original content and adapted OpenStax content. Each image is attributed with the source page in the figure description, in accordance to each respective license. OpenStax content has been remixed into the “Theory and Background,” “Lab Examples,” and “Relations to Health Sciences” sections of this work. OpenStax remixing consists of rearrangement, minor instructional design augmentations, and minor phrasing edits. All other sections within this work are originally created content.