This course clarifies key marketing concepts, methods, and strategic issues relevant for start-up and early-stage entrepreneurs. At this course, there are two major questions:

Marketing Question: What and how am I selling to whom?
New Venture Question: How do I best leverage my limited marketing recourses?

Specifically, this course is designed to give students a broad and deep understanding of such topics as:

What are major strategic constraints and issues confronted by entrepreneurs today?
How can one identify and evaluate marketing opportunities?
How do entrepreneurs achieve competitive advantages given limited marketing resources?
What major marketing/sales tools are most useful in an entrepreneurial setting?

Because there is no universal marketing solution applicable to all entrepreneurial ventures, this course is designed to help students develop a flexible way of thinking about marketing problems in general.

Students work as engineers to learn about the properties of molecules and how they move in 3D space through the use of LEGO MINDSTORMS(TM) NXT robotics. They design and build molecular models and use different robotic sensors to control the movement of the molecular simulations. Students learn about the size of atoms, Newman projections, and the relationship of energy and strain on atoms. This unique modular modeling activity is especially helpful in providing students with a spatial and tactile understanding of how molecules behave.

(This case study was added to OER Commons as one of a batch of over 700. It has relevant information which may include medical imagery, lab results, and history where relevant. A link to the final diagnosis can be found at the end of the case study for review. The first paragraph of the case study -- typically, but not always the clinical presentation -- is provided below.)

A 30 year-old man presented with progressive visual field defect, headache and nausea. He had a history of occipital area blunt head injury (hit by an iron pipe at work) three months before referral to our clinic. The initial diagnosis at the local clinic was brain contusion and concussion. On the initial X ray no skull fracture was detected. However, owing to a progressive visual field defect and dizziness, epidural hemorrhage was suspected. A burr-hole trephination for drainage was subsequently performed. Unexpectedly, the operating neurosurgeon found a tumor mass instead of hematoma. Although the biopsy sample was obtained, only H&E slides were made without ancillary immunohistochemical stains (IHC). He was then transferred to our hospital for further evaluation and more tissue was obtained. The patient had no history of malignancy. All laboratory findings were within normal ranges, except AST 67 U/L (Normal range: 14-40), ALT 164 U/L (Normal range: 8-46) and serum lactated dehydrogenase (LDH) 532 U/L (Normal range: 218-472). Serologic tests for hepatitis, syphilis, and HIV infection were negative. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an epidural mass, approximately 7.0x6.8x4.1 cm, with extracranial extension forming a coffee bean shaped mass crossing the parieto-occipital lobe dura (Figs. 1, 2 and 3). The epidural mass was hyperintense to isointense to gray matter on T2 weighted images (WI) (Fig. 1), isointense on T1WI (Fig. 2). Following contrast infusion, the epidural mass showed marked heterogeneous enhancement but the extracranial mass did not (Fig. 3). In view of the radiologic findings, a clinical diagnosis of meningioma was considered and the patient underwent a brain biopsy to confirm the nature of the brain lesion.

(This case study was added to OER Commons as one of a batch of over 700. It has relevant information which may include medical imagery, lab results, and history where relevant. A link to the final diagnosis can be found at the end of the case study for review. The first paragraph of the case study -- typically, but not always the clinical presentation -- is provided below.)

A 3-month-old boy was referred to our hospital because of slowly progressing weakness, which commenced a month earlier. He was delivered normally from an uneventful pregnancy from nonconsanguineous parents. A neonatal screening test had revealed mildly increased serum carnitine, which was normal in a repeated test. He showed generalized hypotonia with an absence of deep tendon reflexes and a lagged head on neurological examination. During the admission, respiratory muscle weakness progressed and he became dependent on mechanical ventilation with tracheal fenestration. Laboratory tests were unremarkable except for increased aspartate aminotransferase (154 IU/L), alanine aminotransferase (68 IU/L), and creatinine kinase (478 U/L) levels. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplifications for SMN1/SMN2, the causative gene for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type I, revealed no deletion or duplication. He had additional tests, including metabolic screening, brain MRI, and muscle biopsy. Brain MRI was unremarkable for his age, whereas metabolic screening revealed elevated glutaric acid and ethylmalonic acid in his urine, and elevated plasma C14, C14:1, and C16:1 carnitines.

(This case study was added to OER Commons as one of a batch of over 700. It has relevant information which may include medical imagery, lab results, and history where relevant. A link to the final diagnosis can be found at the end of the case study for review. The first paragraph of the case study -- typically, but not always the clinical presentation -- is provided below.)

A 76-year-old woman operated on bladder cancer two months ago, presented with dysarthria and brachiofacial hypesthesia of the left side. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a T2-hyperintensity in the right gyrus precentralis with only minimal space-occupying effect (Figure 1). Application of Gadolinium revealed an inhomogeneous enhancement of this lesion (Figure 2). Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) suggested a metastasis, presumably, derived from to the bladder cancer. The patient underwent stereotactic biopsy.