This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Mesenchymal stromal cells, or MSCs, regulate many functions critical to maintaining organ health. They do so by sending and receiving biochemical signals across short and long distances. How this signaling function is altered by disease, however, remains unclear. In a recent study, researchers examined how obesity in mice affects the signaling functions of MSCs from fat tissue and bone marrow. The proteins secreted by MSCs in mice fed a normal diet play a role in detoxification activity in response to toxic substances and drugs. They are also involved in bone, cartilage and fat development. Further analyses revealed that mouse MSCs participate in two major signaling pathways: platelet degranulation, where signaling molecules wrapped up in granules are deployed to regulate blood clotting and inflammation; and the insulin-like growth factor pathway, which regulates cell proliferation, survival, and metabolism. Comparing proteins secreted by MSCs in normal vs. obese mice revealed key differences..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"RNF43 is an enzyme frequently mutated in many forms of cancer. Under normal circumstances, the protein is known to inhibit canonical Wnt signaling, which regulates various aspects of cell development and disease. What remains controversial, however, is the function of a part of the protein known as the “protease-associated” (PA) domain. To find out, researchers recorded the effects of RNF43 without this domain in human cells. They discovered that the PA domain is not essential for RNF43 to block Wnt signaling. Rather, the PA domain’s job is to regulate levels of RNF43 on the cell surface, which is achieved through the pro-Wnt protein RSPO1. Understanding how RSPO1 behaves when RNF43 lacks its PA domain could be informative, as it could refine the perceived role of RNF43 mutations in human disease..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the difference between the central and peripheral nervous systemsExplain the difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous systemsDifferentiate between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system

Feeling motivated? Even if you are, do you know why? The story of Aaron Ralston can tell us a lot about motivation. In this episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank tells us Ralston's story, as well as 4 theories of motivation and some evolutionary perspectives on motivation.

Chapters:
Introduction: Motivation
What is Motivation?
Evolutionary Perspective: Instincts
Drive-Reduction Theory: Homeostasis & Incentives
Optimal Arousal
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
How Sex Motivates Us
How Hunger Motivates Us
Effects of Hunger & Starvation
How Social Belonging Motivates Us
Review & Credits
Credits

Psychology is designed to meet scope and sequence requirements for the single-semester introduction to psychology course. The book offers a comprehensive treatment of core concepts, grounded in both classic studies and current and emerging research. The text also includes coverage of the DSM-5 in examinations of psychological disorders. Psychology incorporates discussions that reflect the diversity within the discipline, as well as the diversity of cultures and communities across the globe.Senior Contributing AuthorsRose M. Spielman, Formerly of Quinnipiac UniversityContributing AuthorsKathryn Dumper, Bainbridge State CollegeWilliam Jenkins, Mercer UniversityArlene Lacombe, Saint Joseph's UniversityMarilyn Lovett, Livingstone CollegeMarion Perlmutter, University of Michigan

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the difference between the central and peripheral nervous systemsExplain the difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous systemsDifferentiate between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe how hunger and eating are regulatedDifferentiate between levels of overweight and obesity and the associated health consequencesExplain the health consequences resulting from anorexia and bulimia nervosa

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Understand what is meant by consciousnessExplain how circadian rhythms are involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle, and how circadian cycles can be disruptedDiscuss the concept of sleep debt

Thermoregulation is the ability of an endothermic organism to maintain a relatively constant body temperature, despite fluctuations in temperature of the external environment. This is a vital part of homeostasis.

Two group activities are presented: (1) In modern life, do we face more physical threats or mental threats? (2) "Create a list of physical threats and mental threats that students like you may face". The purpose is to have students reflect on modern life and how it is sometimes misaligned with how our stress response functions.

The purpose of this activity is to activatate students' knowledge of breathing (i.e., from hobbies). Two discussion questions are presented: (1) Do you have hobbies where you have learned certain ways to breathe? (2) What roles does breathing play in your hobbies?

This unit and these slides provide an introduction to our breathing system and how this is a key element in stress management.

The purpose is to have student discuss and reflect on what they have learned. Two discussion questions are provided. The first is, How does balance relate to our stress response?. The second is, What was the most interesting thing you learned in this lesson?

The purpose is to have students reflect on the lesson through two discussion questions: (1) Why is it important to practice breathing techniques? (2) What did you learn from this lesson that you didn’t know before?

This lesson introduces students to homeostasis, how it relates to the stress response and chronic stress, and the importance of diaphragmatic breathing. This activity provides three resources for teachers: video that can be shown to students, video transcripts, and presentation slides.