Workers pick potatoes and pack them into crates, mountains in the distance. Title transcribed from Ansel Adams' caption on verso of print. Original neg. no.: LC-A351-3-M-17-A. Gift; Ansel Adams; 1965-1968. Forms part of: Manzanar War Relocation Center photographs.

Workers pick potatoes and pack them into crates, mountains in the distance. Title transcribed from Ansel Adams' caption on verso of print. Original neg. no.: LC-A351-3-M-17-B. Gift; Ansel Adams; 1965-1968. Forms part of: Manzanar War Relocation Center photographs.

Aerial view of Mori Nakashima scattering chicken feed from a pail in a chicken pen. Title transcribed from Ansel Adams' caption on verso of print. Original neg. no.: LC-A35-6-M-67. Gift; Ansel Adams; 1965-1968. Forms part of: Manzanar War Relocation Center photographs.

Mori Nakashima, full-length portrait, standing, facing front, scattering chicken feed from a pail in front of a chicken coop. Title transcribed from Ansel Adams' caption on verso of print. Original neg. no.: LC-A35-6-M-66. Gift; Ansel Adams; 1965-1968. Forms part of: Manzanar War Relocation Center photographs.

A satire on the antagonism between Northern abolitionists on the one hand, and Secretary of State Daniel Webster and other supporters of enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850. Here abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison (left) holds a slave woman in one arm and points a pistol toward a burly slave catcher mounted on the back of Daniel Webster. The slave catcher, wielding a noose and manacles, is expensively dressed, and may represent the federal marshals or commissioners authorized by the act (and paid) to apprehend and return fugitive slaves to their owners. Behind Garrison a black man also aims a pistol toward the group on the right, while another seizes a cowering slaveholder by the hair and is about to whip him saying, "It's my turn now Old Slave Driver." Garrison: "Don't be alarmed Susanna, you're safe enough." Slave catcher: "Don't back out Webster, if you do we're ruind." Webster, holding "Constitution": "This, though Constitutional, is "extremely disagreeable." "Man holding volumes "Law & Gospel": "We will give these fellows a touch of South Carolina."Man with quill and ledger: "I goes in for Law & Order." A fallen slaveholder: "This is all "your" fault Webster." In the background is a Temple of Liberty flying two flags, one reading "A day, an hour, of virtuous Liberty, is worth an age of Servitude" and the other, "All men are born free & equal." The print may (as Weitenkampf suggests) be the work of New York artist Edward Williams Clay. The signature, the expressive animation of the figures, and especially the political viewpoint are, however, uncharacteristic of Clay. (Compare for instance that artist's "What's Sauce for the Goose," no. 1851-5.) It is more likely that the print was produced in Boston, a center of bitter opposition to the Fugitive Slave Act in 1850 and 1851.|Signed: E.C. Del.|Title appears as it is written on the item.|Century, p. 70-71.|Weitenkampf, p. 102-103.|Forms part of: American cartoon print filing series (Library of Congress)|Published in: American political prints, 1766-1876 / Bernard F. Reilly. Boston : G.K. Hall, 1991, entry 1851-6.

Once again Polk's handling of the Oregon territorial dispute between the United States and Great Britain is criticized. (See "Polk's Dream" and "War! or No War!" nos. 1846-2 and 1846-4). Here the artist seems to suggest political motivation behind Polk's insistence on the 54.40 parallel as the northern boundary to American territory. At the 54.40 line, two small boys bait "Donkey" Polk with a "Re-election" cabbage. The boy holding the cabbage comments, "Come here Jem, here's a animal as sees something and wont move no how you can fix it!" His friend encourages him to "Coax along with a cabbage Bill, if that wont move him put a locofoco match under his nose!" "Loco Foco" was a type of match as well as a nickname for radical Democrats of the time. Polk exclaims, "Here I am by the order or masters of the Baltimore Convention, with my nose down to this line and here I shall stick, though I fall a martyr to my devotion to the great Democratic party!" The Baltimore Convention of 1844, which nominated Polk for the presidency, also wedded the party's platform to the 54.40 parallel on the Oregon question. Three groups of men surround Polk. To the left stand the "Whig Members" of Congress, one of whom says to the expansionist Democrats in the center, "Take your own course, gentlemen, with your own animal! He is a sorry one at best, and won't be worth a copper after you've got him out of that fit. Its nothing more nor less than the blind staggers!" Lewis Cass and Ohio senators William Allen and Edward Hannegan stand in the center group behind Polk. Cass, in military uniform, says, "It's my opinion, Hannegan, that he's going to back out! His nose is not so near the line by three inches as it was a week ago!" Allen begs of Cass, "Oh don't let him flinch General. It's our only hope!" Hannegan says, "By heaven! it cannot be General! If he does he's worse than a second Arnold. We must be ready to cut him down at once! Let me have your sword?" The third group (far right) stands at the forty-ninth parallel. It includes more conservative Democrats (left to right) John Clayton, John Calhoun, Thomas Hart Benton, and William Henry Haywood, Jr. (labeled "Hayward"). Clayton inquires, "How shall we get him off? He has not budged or brayed for the last month!" John Calhoun remarks, "I see how it is gentlemen! He has got it into his head that to be great is to be silent and obstinate! Coaxing will be of no use! You might as well use force at once!" Benton adds, "In my opinion it's a very miserable imitation of old Hickory's firmness and independence." Haywood assures everyone, "I, gentlemen, am the only man in the field that knows when that jackass is going to move."|Entered . . . 1846 by J. Baillie.|Lith & pub. by James Baillie, 118, Nassau St. N.Y.|Signed with monogram: C (Edward Williams Clay).|The Library's impression was deposited for copyright on April 8, 1946, on the same day as "Polk's Dream,"also by Clay.|Title appears as it is written on the item.|Davison, no. 192.|Weitenkampf, p. 85.|Forms part of: American cartoon print filing series (Library of Congress)|Published in: American political prints, 1766-1876 / Bernard F. Reilly. Boston : G.K. Hall, 1991, entry 1846-3.

Entered according to Act of Congress in 1839 by H.R. Robinson in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the U.S. for the Southern District of New York.|Title appears as it is written on the item.|Forms part of: American cartoon print filing series (Library of Congress)

Once again, Lewis Cass is attacked as a militaristic expansionist. (See "A War President," no. 1848-16.) His support during the 1846 Oregon boundary dispute of the expansionist 54 40' parallel and his War of 1812 military record are invoked as evidence of his hawkish character. Cass (center) sits on a pile of cannon balls inscribed "54.40" signing a declaration of war with a quill pen dipped in blood. He uses a military drum for a desk top. In his left hand he holds a broken saber, memento of a well-publicized incident during the War of 1812 when Cass defied his superior officer's orders to surrender to the British at Detroit. Rather than surrender his troops he chose instead to break his sword. Here he says, "The first thing I'll do will be to sign this declaration of war--leaving the name of the Country blank to fill up afterward--if the People did not want more bloodshed why the devil did they make "me" Genl. (C)Ass President--holloa Scott are you ready?" To the right, Gen. Winfield Scott stands next to a cannon, eating a bowl of soup. He says, "All right Mr. President. I have nearly finished the "hasty bowl of soup" only keep Quiet two minutes longer & I'll get my friend Barnum to give you the "other" piece of "that broken sword." " (For the origin of the "hasty bowl of soup" joke, see "Distinguished Military Operations with a Hasty Bowl of Soup," no. 1846-15). To the left stands Whig nominee Zachary Taylor, as a military drummer boy, accompanied by two bloodhounds. The dogs allude to Taylor's controversial use of bloodhounds against Indians in the Second Seminole War in Florida. (For an extremely defamatory treatment of this theme see James Baillie's "Hunting Indians in Florida with Blood-Hounds," no. 1848-20) He exclaims, "Too bad by Jessy!! here I am at the old trade again, instead of being President dammme if they have not made me drummer." In the background stand a row of soldiers, one holding a flag marked "54.40."|Lith. & pub. by H.R. Robinson 31 Park-Row N.Y. (Adjoining Lovejoy's Hotel.)|Signed: By 54.40|Title appears as it is written on the item.|Forms part of: American cartoon print filing series (Library of Congress)|Published in: American political prints, 1766-1876 / Bernard F. Reilly. Boston : G.K. Hall, 1991, entry 1848-17.

Each presidential speech is unique. By working with primary sources from the online collections of the Library of Congress, students can explore the people and events that shaped these speeches. They can also identify the components of an effective speech and discover persuasive strategies that will help make their own speeches presidential.

Again, the race motif is used to parody election-year rivalries. (See "Footrace, Pensylvania Avenue," no. 1844-41). Here the artist portrays the candidates as horses, lining up before a stand from which several prominent political figures watch. First in line is Henry Clay, ridden by jockey Daniel Webster, who says, "My horse was Foaled in the Old Dominion, bred in Kentuck--And has beat every thing out West!" Clay is closely followed by a bucking horse with the head of James Polk and jockied by an unidentified man who exclaims, "Old Diploma I think will beat them all except the "Mill Boy" [i.e., Clay] his Rider Black Dan is such a Jockey on the Course that he will always have the inside Track!" Next is pony Martin Van Buren with a fox's tail, ridden by Thomas Hart Benton, who complains, "I am afraid my Poney has been too badly beaten by old Tip ever to run again." He refers to the 1840 election when Van Buren was defeated by William Henry Harrison, "Old Tippecanoe." Hefty Alabama senator Dixon Lewis rides John C. Calhoun exclaiming, "I am call'd one half of Alabama. I would give the other half to have my high Mettled Racer Nullify them All!" A one-armed man riding Richard M. Johnson says, "Tecumseh [i.e., Johnson] cannot begin to run against the '"Mill Boy" of the Slashes' [Clay] he is so long in the Reach, and gathers so quick!" The last contestant is the stumbling nag John Tyler, ridden by his son Robert who is holding a paper labeled "repale" (i.e., Irish repeal) and says, "My Sire has ran well with Old Tip and by St. O'Connell, I think he would distance them all if it was not for his having those Cursed "Bolts" he must die! and nothing can save him." "St. O'Connell" is the Irish patriot leader of the repeal movement Daniel O'Connell. Watching from the grandstand are (left to right): editor Francis Preston Blair, an unidentified man, John M. Botts, lieutenant governor of New York and Van Buren foe Daniel S. Dickinson, and New York senator Nathaniel P. Tallmadge.|Entered . . . 1844 by H.R. Robinson.|Litho. of H.R. Robinson 142 Nassau St. N.Y.|Signed with initials: E.W.C. (Edward Williams Clay).|Title appears as it is written on the item.|Weitenkampf, p. 79.|Forms part of: American cartoon print filing series (Library of Congress)|Published in: American political prints, 1766-1876 / Bernard F. Reilly. Boston : G.K. Hall, 1991, entry 1844-45.

A satire on William M. Price, federal district attorney of New York who fled to Europe after embezzling from the government approximately $72,000. Price followed coconspirator Samuel Swartwout, former collector of the port, who had earlier absconded with close to $1.23 million. The two Tammany officials were the focus of a federal investigation beginning in late November 1838. The scandal they created added considerable fuel to Whig opposition to Van Buren's "Sub-Treasury" or independent treasury program. After the scandal, Swartwout stayed in England until 1841 to avoid prosecution but then returned to the United States. On the left Price, in shirtsleeves, removes coins from a butter churn labeled "Sub-Treasury" saying, "It is time & by the Eternal I'll settle my accounts with this Government and follow my friend Sam!!" In the scene at right he strolls off following the footprints of Swartwout and carrying a sack labeled "$1,200,000" (an inflated figure). He remarks, "The Republican party have seen darker days than this!" Behind him a letter of resignation falls to the ground, and a ship sets sail in the background.|Entd . . . 1838 by H.R. Robinson.|Printed & pubd by H.R. Robinson, 52 Cortlandt & 11-1/2 Wall St. N.Y.|The print was registered for copyright on December 14, 1838, on the same day as Robinson's "Sub Treasurers Meeting in England" (no. 1838-20). Both are apparently by the same artist.|Title appears as it is written on the item.|Weitenkampf, p. 53.|Forms part of: American cartoon print filing series (Library of Congress)|Published in: American political prints, 1766-1876 / Bernard F. Reilly. Boston : G.K. Hall, 1991, entry 1838-21.

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Text continues: Married men! Enlist now. You have the Prime Minister's pledge that you will not be called upon to serve until the young unmarried men have been summoned to the colours. Single men! Surely you will recognise the force of the Prime Minister's statement and enlist voluntarily. You can go into your proper groups till you are wanted. Poster is text only, also including lengthy quote of the Prime Minister's speech to the House of Commons, Nov. 2, 1915. Poster no. 135. Title from item.

Text continues: But let the young unmarried men themselves redeem that Pledge by joining under the Group System to-day. Do not force your country to force you to fight, but come of your own free will. Poster is text only. Poster no. 140. Title from item.

Private Kato, bust portrait, facing slightly right, in uniform. Title transcribed from Ansel Adams' caption on verso of print. Original neg. no.: LC-A35-4-M-23. Gift; Ansel Adams; 1965-1968. Forms part of: Manzanar War Relocation Center photographs.

Private Kato, bust portrait, facing front. Title transcribed from Ansel Adams' caption on verso of print. Original neg. no.: LC-A35-4-M-36. Gift; Ansel Adams; 1965-1968. Forms part of: Manzanar War Relocation Center photographs.

Private Margaret Fukuoka, bust portrait, facing front, in uniform. Title transcribed from Ansel Adams' caption on verso of print. Original neg. no.: LC-A35-4-M-68. Gift; Ansel Adams; 1965-1968. Forms part of: Manzanar War Relocation Center photographs.

Poster showing two soldiers holding passes for leave, one walking away (Out on time), and the other walking toward the viewer (Back on time). Service Series no. 72. Mounted with other Service Series posters. Title from item.