This micrograph was taken at 1000X total magnifcation on a brightfield microscope. The subject is Escherichia coli cells and Mycobacterium smegmatis cells grown separately in broth culture at 37 degrees Celsius. The cells were heat-fixed to a slide and acid-fast stained using the Ziehl-Neelsen method prior to visualization. M. smegmatis (acid-fast) stains pink with carbol fuchsin. E.coli (non-acid-fast) stains blue with methylene blue counterstain.Image credit: Emily Fox

This micrograph was taken at 1000X total magnifcation on a brightfield microscope. The subject is Neisseria sicca cells and Mycobacterium phlei cells grown separately in broth culture at 37 degrees Celsius. The cells were heat-fixed to a slide and acid-fast stained using the Ziehl-Neelsen method prior to visualization. M. smegmatis (acid-fast) stains pink with carbol fuchsin. N. sicca (non-acid-fast) stains blue with methylene blue counterstain.Image credit: Emily Fox

This micrograph was taken at 400X total magnifcation on a brightfield microscope. The subject is Escherichia coli cells grown in broth culture overnight at 37 degrees Celsius. The cells were heat-fixed to a slide and stained for 1 minute with methylene blue stain prior to visualization.Image credit: Emily Fox

This micrograph was taken at 1000X total magnifcation on a brightfield microscope. The subject is Escherichia coli cells grown in broth culture overnight at 37 degrees Celsius. The cells were  stained in a smear of nigrosin negative stain prior to visualization.Image credit: Emily Fox

This micrograph was taken at 400X total magnifcation on a brightfield microscope. The subject is Escherichia coli cells grown in broth culture overnight at 37 degrees Celsius. The cells were  stained in a smear of nigrosin negative stain prior to visualization.Image credit: Emily Fox

This micrograph was taken at 1000X total magnifcation on a brightfield microscope. The subject is Lactococcus lactis cells grown on agar at 37 degrees Celsius. The cells were heat-fixed to a slide and Gram stained prior to visualization.Image credit: Emily Fox

This micrograph was taken at 1000X total magnifcation on a brightfield microscope. The subject is Micrococcus cells grown on nutrient agar at 25 degrees Celsius. The cells were heat-fixed to a slide and Gram stained prior to visualization.Image credit: Emily Fox

This micrograph was taken at 1000X total magnifcation on a brightfield microscope. The subject is Micrococcus luteus cells grown on agar at 37 degrees Celsius. The cells were heat-fixed to a slide and Gram stained prior to visualization.Image credit: Emily Fox

This micrograph was taken at 1000X total magnifcation on a brightfield microscope. The subject is Micrococcus luteus cells grown on nutrient agar plates at 37 degrees Celsius. The cells were  stained in a smear of nigrosin negative stain prior to visualization.Image credit: Emily Fox

This micrograph was taken at 1000X total magnifcation on a brightfield microscope. The subject is Neisseria sicca cells grown on nutrient agar at 37 degrees Celsius. The cells were heat-fixed to a slide and Gram stained prior to visualization.Image credit: Emily Fox

This micrograph was taken at 1000X total magnifcation on a brightfield microscope. The subject is Pseudomonas putida cells grown in broth culture overnight at 37 degrees Celsius. The cells were heat-fixed to a slide and Gram stained prior to visualization.Image credit: Emily Fox

This micrograph was taken at 1000X total magnifcation on a brightfield microscope. The subject is Staphylococcus aureus cells grown on nutrient agar at 37 degrees Celsius. The cells were heat-fixed to a slide and Gram stained prior to visualization.Image credit: Emily Fox

This micrograph was taken at 1000X total magnifcation on a brightfield microscope. The subject is Staphylococcus aureus cells grown on nutrient agar at 37 degrees Celsius. The cells were heat-fixed to a slide and Gram stained prior to visualization.Image credit: Emily Fox

This micrograph was taken at 1000X total magnifcation on a brightfield microscope. The subject is human cheek epithelial cells collected fresh with a toothpick. The cells were  stained with methylene blue stain prior to visualization.Image credit: Emily Fox

This micrograph was taken at 1000X total magnifcation on a brightfield microscope. The subject is human cheek epithelial cells collected fresh with a toothpick. The cells were stained with methylene blue stain prior to visualization.Image credit: Emily Fox

This micrograph was taken at 100X total magnifcation on a brightfield microscope. The subject is human cheek epithelial cells collected fresh with a toothpick. The cells were  stained with methylene blue stain prior to visualization.Image credit: Emily Fox

This micrograph was taken at 400X total magnifcation on a brightfield microscope. The subject is human cheek epithelial cells collected fresh with a toothpick. The cells were  stained with methylene blue stain prior to visualization.Image credit: Emily Fox

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Since the dawn of space exploration, we have been fascinated by the survivability of terrestrial life in outer space. Outer space is a hostile environment for any form of life, but some extraordinarily resilient bacteria can survive. Despite galactic cosmic and solar UV radiation, extreme vacuum conditions, temperature fluctuations, desiccation, freezing, and microgravity, the extremophilic bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans withstands the drastic influence of outer space. A recent study examined the molecular effects of space on this unique microbe. After one year of exposure to low Earth orbit outside the International Space Station during the Tanpopo mission, researchers found that D. radiodurans escaped morphological damage, forming numerous outer-membrane vesicles..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Although the brain has always been viewed as a sterile organ, recent studies have suggested the existence of a ‘brain microbiome,’ perturbations of which could cause neuroinflammatory conditions. Unfortunately, experiments aimed at detecting a brain microbiome are limited by a low bacterial biomass. Bacteria must be detected through an overwhelming amount of host DNA, and the low biomass additionally raises the risk of amplifying exogenous contaminants. A recent study tested the hypothesis that there is a bacterial brain microbiome. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, researchers evaluated brain samples from healthy individuals and individuals suffering from Parkinson’s disease (PD), along with murine brains. They found that while amplicon sequencing detected bacterial signals in both human and murine brains, the estimated bacterial biomass was extremely low. Careful reanalysis suggested that bacterial signals were explained by exogenous DNA contamination and false-positive amplification of host DNA..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Gastric cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. One factor linked to the disease is an aberrant mucin profile in the gastric mucosa. Mucin proteins are the major building blocks of mucus and normally support the barrier function of the gut lining. But abnormal shifts in mucin makeup are believed to disrupt the gut microbiome in ways that facilitate tumor progression. To explore how, researchers examined tumor tissues from 108 patients with gastric cancer. Tumors associated with poor survival were found to overexpress the mucin gene MUC13. Overexpression of MUC13 was, in turn, linked to increased abundance of certain oral bacteria, namely, Neisseria, Prevotella, and Veillonella, which are known to promote inflammation. Deciphering these mucin-microbiome signatures in gastric cancer could make a big impact in prevention and treatment, as they could signal disease before symptoms of gastric cancer set in..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.